Memory
How long does our short term memory last without rehearsal?
Without rehearsal, our short term memory only lasts about thirty seconds
This is the ability to focus on one stimulus while filtering out other distractions
Selective attention
Why are memories important?
Our memory helps make up who we are. Whether recognizing loved ones, recalling past joys, or just remembering how to walk and talk, memory is the chain that connects our past to our present. If it breaks, we’re left untethered, incapable of leaving the present moment, and unable to embrace the future.
What is the difference between perception and your perceptual set?
Perception: How you organize and make sense of your environment. Perceptual set: The psychological factors that shape how you perceive things.
This bias involves overstimulating one's ability to predict past events
hindsight bias
What is automatic processing?
Automatic processing is hard to stop, you often learn this way without choice, like instinctively pulling your hand from a fire the first time you touch a flame.
This type of attention involves maintaining focus on a task or stimulus over a prolonged period
sustained attention
Memory is learning that has persisted over time - information that has been stored and, in many cases, can be recalled.
What is context?
Context is another factor in your perceptual set.
This bias causes people to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and to ignore contradictory evidence
confirmation bias
What is procedural memory?
Procedural memory refers to how we remember to do things like riding a bike or reading. It’s effortful to learn at first, but eventually you can do it without thinking about it.
This is the allocation of mental resources to multiple tasks or stimuli simultaneously
divided attention
What is recall?
Recall is how you reach back in your mind and bring up information, just as you do in fill-in-the-blank tests.
How is culture part our our perceptual set?
As much of our perceptions are affected by context and expectations, they’re also swayed by our emotions and motivations.
This bias leads people to overstimulate the likelihood of events that are readily available in memory, often due to their vividness or recent occurrence
the availability heuristic
What are some ways you can help improve your memory?
Mnemonics aid memorization by chunking information into familiar units. These strategies support explicit learning, but retention depends on how deeply you process the material.
This disorder is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
What is recognition?
Recognition is more like a multiple choice test, you only need to identify old information when presented with it.
How can perceptual sets be misleading or harmful?
Perceptual sets are the basis of tons of entertaining optical illusions. Our minds are given a tremendous amount of information, especially through the eyes. And we need to make quick work of it.
This bias describes the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered when making decisions
What is anchoring bias
What single action cements memory?
To make information really, really stick, you want to connect it to something meaningful or related to your own personal or emotional experience.
This model of attention suggests that selection occurs after all stimuli have been processed for meaning
the late selection model
What are the three stages of memory formation?
Encoding, storing, and retrieved
What is depth perception?
Depth perception is what helps us estimate an object’s distance and full shape.
This bias is the tendency to see oneself as better than average, particularly in areas where objective measurement is difficult
the above-average effect