Filipina Mothers
This is the reason that Filipina mothers must say separated from their children while they grow.
What is: they earn higher wages in the US?
In a survey, it was found that children vastly prefer this parent to go abroad.
What is a father?
Filipina migrants often send their children back to this country to take advantage of lower costs.
What is the Philippines?
The grid of traditional gender norms designates the father as the breadwinner and the mother as this.
What is the nurturer?
Even with the presence of other relatives, these anxious emotions still arise among the children separated from their mothers in the Philippines.
What are insecurities?
Name one of the benefits of financial resources for Filipino children.
What are daily meals of meat and rice, money for college, or secure housing?
This gender expectation of mothers is denied to more and more children in the Philippines due to distant mothering.
What is providing emotional care and maternal love?
Mothers who have two sets of children with this differing characteristic preferred not to discuss intergenerational relationships.
What is: one set is from the Philippines, and one set is abroad?
The longest period of time that the author observed a mother and child being separated.
What is 16 years?
Mothers negotiate emotional strains in three central ways, one of which is the commodification of this.
What is love?
Guidance, attention, love, and care can only be completely given by this.
What is family togetherness?
By 1994, women constituted this percent of deployed overseas contract workers from the Philippines.
What is 60 percent?
Migrant mothers cope with separation by repressing these in transnational families.
What are emotional tensions?
The gender division of this in the Filipino nuclear family generates emotional stress in transnational families.
What is labor?
In the Philippines, transnational households are called this and considered "abnormal".
What are broken homes?