Important People
Who was crowned Emperor in 800 AD and helped unite much of Europe?
Charlemagne
What do we call the poor farmers who worked the land and needed permission to leave?
Serfs
What kind of soldier rode on horseback and followed a code of honor?
Knight
What was the main goal of the First Crusade?
To take back Jerusalem
What document forced the king to follow the law?
Magna Carta
Who called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
What is a fief?
Land given from a lord to a vassal
What is the name of the code knights followed?
Chivalry
What was a plenary indulgence?
A full pardon for sins promised to Crusaders
What is one right listed in the Magna Carta?
Trial by jury / consent for taxes
Who led the Muslim forces and recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
Saladin
What role did a vassal play in feudal society?
They promised loyalty and service in exchange for land
What was a page's role in becoming a knight?
They started training young and worked in a castle
Name two reasons people joined the Crusades.
Religious faith, riches, adventure, land
How did the Black Death arrive in Europe?
On ships with rats and fleas
What title was given to the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire?
Emperor
Who gave land to lords in the feudal system?
The king
What did a squire do to train to become a knight?
Helped a knight, practiced fighting
Name one effect the Crusades had on Europe.
Increased trade, curiosity, contact with new cultures
What happened in towns during the Black Death?
Crowded cities helped it spread quickly
Name one way Charlemagne supported education or religion during his reign.
He opened schools / supported the Church
What is the name for the economic and political system of the Middle Ages?
Feudalism
What is a siege?
A military attack to surround and cut off supplies
What did Crusaders bring back from the East?
Silk, spices, new ideas
What strange method did some use to try to cure the plague?
The Vicary Method – shaving a chicken and placing it on the buboes