Matter and Atoms
What three subatomic particles make up an atom?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What’s the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
no new substance; Chemical = new substance formed
What is the role of a producer in an ecosystem?
Makes its own food through photosynthesis
What percentage of Earth’s water is freshwater?
About 3%
What is a renewable resource? Give one example.
Can be replaced naturally; ex: solar, wind
What is the charge of a neutron and where is it found?
Neutral charge; found in the nucleus
What is one example of a physical change and one of a chemical change?
melting ice; Chemical: rusting iron
Give one example each of a biotic and abiotic factor.
Biotic: tree; Abiotic: sunlight
Name two major processes in the water cycle.
Evaporation, condensation (or precipitation, runoff, etc.)
Give two examples of nonrenewable energy sources.
Coal, oil, natural gas
Which part of the atom defines the element and determines its atomic number?
Protons
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
Matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
What type of consumer is a snake that eats a mouse?
Secondary consumer
How do ocean currents affect climate?
They move warm or cold water around the globe, affecting weather and climate
What’s one disadvantage of using fossil fuels?
Causes air pollution and contributes to climate change
What’s the difference between an element and a compound?
Element = one type of atom; Compound = two or more different atoms bonded
What are signs that a chemical reaction has occurred? Give two.
Color change, gas production, temperature change, formation of a precipitate (any 2)
What is the difference between mutualism and parasitism?
Mutualism = both benefit; Parasitism = one benefits, one is harmed
What is the hydrosphere, and how does it interact with the atmosphere?
Hydrosphere = all water; interacts with atmosphere via evaporation, precipitation
How does using solar energy help the environment?
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels
Draw and label a simple atom of Carbon (C) showing all subatomic particles.
Drawn diagram with 6 protons/neutrons in nucleus, 6 electrons orbiting)
Balance this equation: ___H₂ + ___O₂ → ___H₂O
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Make a food chain with Grass, Frog, Grasshopper, Snake (producer, primary consumer, etc.)
Example: Grass (producer) → Grasshopper (primary) → Frog (secondary) → Snake (tertiary)
Explain how pollution in one system (e.g., hydrosphere) can affect another (e.g., biosphere).
Ex: Water pollution harms marine life (biosphere), which affects food chains
Compare the long-term sustainability of wind energy and coal energy.
Wind is renewable and clean; coal is polluting and finite