Definition & Function
What is a participle clause?
A participle clause is a clause that uses a present or past participle to add extra information.
Make a present participle clause with "read".
Reading a book, she smiled.
Rewrite: She sang while she cooked.
Singing, she cooked.
Переведи: "Улыбаясь, она вошла в комнату."
Smiling, she entered the room.
What’s wrong? Walking in the park, the birds were singing.
It sounds like the birds were walking. Fix: Walking in the park, I heard the birds singing.
What kind of verbs are used in participle clauses?
Present participle (-ing) and past participle (-ed/3rd form), having + past participle
Make a past participle clause with "break".
Broken by the wind, the window was open.
Rewrite: Because it was raining, we stayed inside.
It being rainy, we stayed inside.
Переведи: "Закончив работу, он ушёл домой."
Having finished the work, he went home.
What’s wrong? Being late, the bus was missed.
Wrong subject. Fix: Being late, she missed the bus.
Do participle clauses have the same subject as the main sentence?
Yes.
What is the participle in this sentence: Running fast, he won the race.
Running
Rewrite: After he finished homework, he watched TV.
Having finished homework, he watched TV.
Переведи: "Потому что он был голоден, он поел."
Being hungry, he ate.
Fix: Having studied all night, the exam was easy.
Fix: Having studied all night, she found the exam easy.
What do participle clauses show?
Time, reason, result, or condition.
Change this: Because she was tired, she went home.
Being tired, she went home.
Rewrite: He opened the door and saw the dog.
Rewrite: He opened the door and saw the dog.
Переведи: "Разбитое окно было опасным."
The broken window was dangerous.
Is this correct? Finished the book, he watched TV.
No. Fix: Having finished the book, he watched TV.
True or False? Participle clauses can replace long clauses.
True.
Make a sentence with having + past participle.
Having eaten lunch, he left.
Rewrite: Because he studied hard, he passed the test.
Having studied hard, he passed the test.
Переведи: "Потому что было темно, он включил свет."
It being dark, he turned on the light.
Is this correct? Breaking the window, the glass fell.
No. Fix: Breaking the window, he saw the glass fall.