Cells
The main material of the plant cell wall
What is cellulose
This part of the plant cell contains chlorophyll and is the site of the light-dependent reactions.
What is the chloroplast?
This type of digestion involves enzymes breaking chemical bonds.
What is chemical digestion?
The gas exchange surfaces in fish
Wahat is the gill lamellae
This blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow of blood.
What is a vein?
Two ways active transport is different from osmosis and diffusion.
It requires energy (ATP); it moves molecules from an area of low concentration to high
Why is magnesium important in plant nutrition, and what deficiency symptom does it cause?
What is: Magnesium is needed to produce chlorophyll; deficiency causes chlorosis (yellowing of leaves)?
State three ways that show the structure of the small intestine is adapted for nutrient absorption.
What is: It has villi and microvilli, surface area; thin walls; and a rich blood supply for transport?
The type of respiration in muscles during intense exercise, and the product formed.
What is anaerobic respiration; lactic acid is produced?
Organisms that cause disease.
What are pathogens?
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of DNA location and membrane-bound organelles.
What is: Prokaryotic cells have free-floating DNA and no membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleus and contain membrane-bound organelles?
Compare how light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis.
What is: Both increase the rate until another factor becomes limiting, such as temperature?
This digestive enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach.
What is pepsin?
Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
What is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP)?
This type of immunity is passed from mother to child.
What is passive immunity?
Explain why muscle cells contain more mitochondria than skin cells.
What is: Muscle cells require more energy for contraction and therefore need more mitochondria to produce ATP?
Identify the equation for photosynthesis
What is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂?
State what peristalsis is and give its function in digestion.
What is: The rhythmic contraction of muscles that moves food through the digestive tract?
Why is aerobic respiration considered more efficient than anaerobic respiration?
What is: It produces significantly more ATP per glucose molecule (about 36 vs. 2)?
Differentiate between active and passive immunity with examples.
What is: Active immunity involves producing antibodies (e.g., after infection or vaccination); passive involves receiving antibodies (e.g., maternal antibodies)?
Daily Double!!
Name and explain two cellular processes that rely directly on the semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane.
What are osmosis and diffusion? They allow selective movement of substances based on concentration gradients.
Explain why photosynthesis occurs mainly in the palisade mesophyll layer.
What is: It contains many chloroplasts and is closest to the light source, maximizing absorption?
Distinguish between malnutrition and undernutrition.
What is: Malnutrition refers to imbalanced nutrition (including over- or underconsumption), while undernutrition specifically refers to insufficient nutrient intake?
Compare anaerobic respiration in humans and yeast, including end products.
Daily Double!!!!
What is: Humans produce lactic acid; yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide?
Explain why organ transplant recipients are given immunosuppressant drugs.
What is: To prevent the immune system from attacking the foreign organ (rejection)?