Cardiology / ENT
What is the conversion factor between PO and IV lasix?
IV dose = 1/2 PO dose
40 mg IV lasix = 80 mg PO lasix
What type of skin biopsy is recommended in an undifferentiated rash?
Punch biopsy
How much weight should a newborn gain every day?
Approx 1 oz = 28 grams
What is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in adults in the United States?
Diabetes Mellitus
When monitoring the treatment response to urate lowering therapy in patients with gout, what is the goal uric acid level?
<6 mg/dL
Define HFrEF and what does GDMT include?
EF < 40%
ACEi/ARB/ARNI; Beta Blocker; SGLT2i; MRA
How do you clinically distinguish between Eczema and Psoriasis
Eczema: pruritic, erythematous, scaly patches and plaques, often on flexural surfaces; associated with asthma, allergies
Psoriasis: erythematous scaly plaque with silvery scale, often on extensor surfaces
What are is the preferred screening blood test(s) for Celiac Disease?
tTg-IgA & total IgA
Define the 3 criteria of an AKI
1) Incr Cr 0.3 within 48 hours OR
2) Cr 1.5x baseline within 7 days OR
3) UOP <0.5 cc/kg/hr
How would you clinically differentiate RA from OA? Symptoms, exam, labs
RA: Joint inflammation (warmth, tenderness; DIP rarely involved), symptoms worse after rest, generalized stiffness >30 min. Labs: Elevated ESR/CRP, auto-immune labs (RF, anti-CCP positive), X-Ray erosive changes
What is the recommended treatment and dose for sudden SNHL?
Steroids (prednisone 60 mg daily x 10 days), ideally within 2 weeks of symptom onset
1) Ixodes tick in lyme endemic area
2) Attached for 36+ hours
3) Treatment starts within 72 hours
Rx: Doxy 200 mg single dose
Which antibiotic classes are generally avoided in pediatric patients and why?
Tetracyclines: tooth discoloration, bone growth concerns
Fluoroquinolones: tendon rupture
Differentiate between Stroke vs Bell's Palsy
Stroke: acute onset, upper face spared often with other neuro signs / symptoms; older age, vascular risk factors
Bell's Palsy: acute/subacute onset; upper & lower face; younger age
What demographic does Ankylosing Spondylitis commonly affect? What is the characteristic imaging finding? And which lab finding, if positive, highly raises concern for AS?
Males 20-40; Bamboo Spine; HLA-B27
What are indications for further work-up / referral in a patient presenting with tinnitus?
Unilateral, Pulsatile, Sudden hearing loss, dizziness, ear/facial pain
How is melanoma staged / what is the most important prognostic factor? What is the name of the scale?
(Breslow) Depth
A patient presents with watery diarrhea after recent antibiotic use; stool assay is positive for glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin A/B. What is the first-line treatment?
PO Vancomycin
What is the renal dosing of metformin?
GFR > 45 - no changes
GFR 30-45 - reduce to max 1 gram / day; do not start in metformin naive patient
GFR <30 - contraindicated
A 40-year-old woman presents with recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Behcet’s disease
What are the criteria for treating Acute Otitis Media in children?
It's complicated :/
A 45-year-old woman presents with violaceous, polygonal, flat-topped papules on the wrists and oral mucosa with reticulated white lines. What is the name of these oral findings?
Wickham striae (Lichen Planus)
PPROM; ruptured membranes 18+ hours; intrapartum fever; +/- history GBS colonization in previous pregnancy
A Lumbar Puncture is performed on a patient in the ED where meningitis cannot be excluded. What type of infection, if any, do the CSF studies suggest?
Glucose 50 mg/dL (normal 40-70); Protein 60 mg/dL (normal <40); WBC 500 cells/uL (normal 0-5), lymphocytic predominance
Viral meningitis
A patient with longstanding RA develops RPGN, pulmonary hemorrhage, and is positive for anti PR3 ANCA. What is the most likely diagnosis?
GPA