Geography
The Enlightenment was centered mainly in cities on this continent.
Europe
Enlightenment ideas helped spread the concept of this political system worldwide.
Democracy
After the revolution, Haiti became the first country to permanently abolish this institution, which was a central cause of the resistance.
Slavery
This estate consisted of the clergy who owned about 10% of the land and were mostly exempt from paying
The 1st estate
This Enlightenment philosopher was born in England and believed that all people have natural rights.
John Locke
This desert city was a key trade center and religious site in the Islamic world.
Mecca
Islamic trade connected Africa, Asia, and Europe through this network.
Trade routes
This leader helped several South American countries gain independence from Spanish rule.
Simón Bolívar
Islamic scholars preserved and improved knowledge in this field including math and medicine.
Science and Knowledge
This famous Islamic traveler documented the Muslim world, including Africa and Asia, in the 14th and 15th centuries
Ibn Battuta
The Industrial Revolution started in this country, thanks in part to its coal and iron resources.
Great Britain
This Spanish priest spoke out against the mistreatment of Indigenous peoples during the colonization of the Americas.
Bartolomé de las Casas
This former slave led the Haitian Revolution against French rule.
Toussaint Louverture
The heavy taxes paid mainly by the Third Estate were a cause of unrest leading to this major event in 1789.
The French Revolution
This man’s voyage in 1492 began the Columbian Exchange and connected Europe with the Americas.
Christopher Columbus
This island was the first to gain independence through a successful slave revolt.
Haiti
Casta paintings showed how this global movement brought together Europeans, Indigenous people, and Africans.
colonization
Indigenous people resisted European colonization in the Americas through this action.
Armed Resistance
This economic system grew during the Industrial Revolution and is based on private ownership.
Capitalism
This African ruler made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and spread gold and Islamic culture across regions.
Mansa Musa
This Caribbean island was one of the first areas colonized by Europeans and played a key role in the Columbian Exchange.
Hispaniola
The Columbian Exchange connected these three continents through trade and biological exchange.
Europe, Africa, and the Americas
The French and Indian War was part of this larger global conflict fought between Britain and France.
The seven years war
Casta paintings were used to show this type of social structure based on race and birth.
Racial hierchy
This French Enlightenment philosopher criticized the Catholic Church and advocated for freedom of speech and religion.
Voltaire