Energy and Motion
The change of an object's position
What is motion?
He formulated the three laws of motion that we use today
Who is Isaac Newton?
What is work?
A bar that turns on a point (ex. seesaw, broom, crowbar)
What is a lever?
A flat, slanted surface such as a ramp (ex. slide)
What is an inclined plane?
The ability to make something move
What is mechanical energy?
The resistance to a change in motion
What is inertia?
Any object that makes work easier
What is a machine?
Two inclined planes placed back to back (ex. knife blades, axes, hatchets)
What is a wedge?
The spot where a lever turns
What is the fulcrum?
The distnace an object moves over a given amount of time in a certain direction
What is velocity?
The law of action and reaction, which states that all forces come in pairs
What is the third law of motion?
Force is measured in this
What are newtons (N)?
An inclined plane wound around a cylinder or cone (ex. jar lid)
What is a screw?
Consists of a wheel and a rod running through the wheel (ex. screwdriver, turbine, doorknob)
What is a wheel and axle?
A fixed, unmoving object or location
What is a reference point?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion
What is the first law of motion?
The unit used to measure work
What is a joule?
The force applied to a simple machine
What is the effort force?
A first-class lever has the fulcrum located here
What is between the effort and resistance?
This is determined by an object's mass and velocity
What is momentum?
The second law of motion says that mass x acceleration = this
What is force?
This works against the effort
What is the resistance force?
A grooved wheel with a chain or rope wrapped in the groove, makes work easier by changing the direction of the force or by reducing the amount of force needed to move an object (ex. flagpole)
What is a pulley?
A combination of two or more simple machines to make work even easier (ex. scissors)
What is a compound machine?
This occurs whenever an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction
What is acceleration?
Gravity works against inertia by doing this
What is keeping an object from moving indefinitely in a straight line?
The decrease in effort that is needed to move an object
What is a mechanical advantage?
Combines multiple fixed and movable pulleys
What is a block and tackle?
One example of a lever in the human body
What is your head being able to pivot, your toe joints, your elbow?