Identify whether NaOH and HCl are acids or bases.
NaOH is a base, HCl is an acid.
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What are the two products of a neutralization reaction?
Salt and water (H₂O)
What pH value is considered neutral?
pH 7
What common household product is a base used to relieve heartburn?
Antacids or baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
Name one property of acids and one of bases.
Acids: sour taste, turn litmus red; Bases: bitter taste, slippery feel, turn litmus blue.
Name the acid with the formula H₂SO₄.
Sulfuric acid
Predict the products of HCl + NaOH.
NaCl + H₂O
Is a solution with pH 3 acidic or basic?
Acidic
What is one real-world use of a neutralization reaction?
Treating acidic soil, antacid tablets, or wastewater treatment. If an acid is spilled, neutralizing it with a base.
What ion do acids release in water? What ion do bases release?
Acids release H⁺ (hydrogen ions), bases release OH⁻ (hydroxide ions).
Write the formula for calcium hydroxide.
Ca(OH)₂
Write and balance the equation for H₂SO₄ + Mg(OH)₂.
H₂SO₄ + Mg(OH)₂ → MgSO₄ + 2H₂O
What happens to the pH of a base when water is added?
The pH decreases (becomes less basic).
What is acid rain and what causes it?
Rain that is more acidic than normal due to sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) in the atmosphere.
What colour does phenolphthalein turn in a base?
Pink
Differentiate between a binary acid and an oxyacid with examples.
Binary acids: contain H and one nonmetal (e.g., HCl)
Oxyacids: contain H, O, and another element (e.g., H₂SO₄).
Name the salt formed in the reaction between hydrobromic acid and barium hydroxide.
Barium bromide (BaBr₂)
Below which pH is considered acid rain?
Anything below pH 5
Name one environmental and one economic consequence of acid rain.
Environmental: damages forests/lakes, Economic: corrodes buildings/statues
Explain how to identify an unknown solution as an acid or base using indicators.
Use litmus paper (red = acid, blue = base), universal indicator, or phenolphthalein (colourless in acid, pink in base).
Given the name phosphorous acid, write the correct chemical formula and explain your reasoning.
H₃PO₃ – "phosphorous" indicates one less oxygen than "phosphoric" (H₃PO₄).
Identify the acid and base that formed Al(ClO₃)₃ in a neutralization reaction.
Acid: Chloric acid (HClO₃), Base: Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃)
You test three unknown liquids with universal indicator
Liquid A turns red
Liquid B turns green
Liquid C turns purple
Rank the liquids from most acidic to most basic, and explain what the color tells you about their pH.
Red (Liquid A) = most acidic (pH around 1–3)
Green (Liquid B) = neutral (pH ~7)
Purple (Liquid C) = most basic (pH around 11–14)
The universal indicator changes coluor based on pH:
Suggest one solution to reduce acid rain and explain how it works.
Using scrubbers in factories to remove SO₂ from emissions or switching to renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel use. You could have also talked about paint and phytoremediation (plants)