Marine Ecosystems
Give an example of ONE of the marine ecosystems we discussed
What is biogeography, and how is it evidence of evolution?
Different animals on different parts of the globe look similar, suggesting relationships through common ancestry and evolution.
What is speciation?
Formation of a new species from an existing one.
What is a cladogram used for?
To show evolutionary relationships between species through physical traits.
What is artificial selection?
When humans breed organisms for specific traits.
Why does the open ocean have LOW biodiversity?
Few nutrients from runoff, little shelter, far from land
How do fossils serve as evidence for evolution?
What is reproductive isolation?
Separation that prevents interbreeding between populations.
What do branching points on a cladogram represent?
Common ancestors and when species diverged.
Why is artificial selection VERY common in the agriculture (farming) industry?
Farmers use it to grow crops that will make them the most money possible.
DDAAAAIIILLLYYY DOOOUUBBLEEE
Name one way that open ocean animals have evolved to be adapted to their environment.
High Stamina, Schooling, quick movements, high speed.
DAIIILLLLY DOOOUUBBLEE!!
What are homologous structures? Give one example.
Structures inherited from a common ancestor (Ex. Human arm and bat wing show similar designs)
Describe behavioral isolation with an example.
Different mating behaviors (e.g., bird songs).
How can you tell which species are most closely related?
They share more traits and branch closer together.
What are some traits that humans have bred for in dogs?
Traits such as smaller sizes, desirable appearances, friendliness
What challenges do animals living in the intertidal zones face?
Exposure to air, rapid changes in salt concentration, temperature changes, crashing waves.
What is a vestigial structure? Give an example.
A structure that is present in humans but has no known function. (Longus Palmaris, Appendix)
Describe geographic isolation with an example.
A physical barrier splits populations (e.g., mountains, rivers).
What does a shared trait mean in a cladogram?
Those animals share a closely related common ancestor.
DDDAIIILLLYYY DOOOUUUBBBLLEEE!!
How is artificial selection different from natural selection?
Natural selection happens without human interference.
How do animals deal with high salt content in the intertidal zones?
By excreting excess salt or evolving to drink seawater
Why is the existence of DNA and its mechanisms strong evidence for evolution?
More similar DNA = Closer evolutionary relationship.
What is ecological isolation?
Species occupy the same area but prefer different habitats.
If two species share the most recent common ancestor, what does this tell us about them?
Both of those species are closely related.
What is one potential negative / drawback of artificial selection?
It can reduce genetic diversity, or could lead to traits that put animals at risk of health issues.