Populations
What name is given to the phase of population growth where the population is increasing by the same percentage every year, leading to rapid population growth.
Exponential Growth
Which hormone can be administered in order to help overcome jet lag?
Melatonin
What is produced in the body when HIV enters the blood stream?
Antibodies
The main products of aerobic cell respiration are carbon dioxide, ATP (energy) and ___________.
Water
What is the collective name of viruses that are capable of infecting bacteria, such as Escherichia coli?
Bacteriophage
The Chi-squared test is used to ascertain whether there is a ______
The Chi-squared test is used to ascertain whether there is a SIGNIFICANT difference between the observed and EXPECTED values.
What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?
It produces and secretes hormones that directly affect target cells
Pluripotent stem cells are ____________ cells that can turn into almost any type of cell in the body. They can be obtained from the inner cell mass of a ____________.
Pluripotent stem cells are UNDIFFERENTIATED cells that can turn into almost any type of cell in the body. They can be obtained from the inner cell mass of a BLASTOCYST.
Which of the following statements is correct about the structure of mitochondria?
A) The matrix contains enzymes vital for the link reaction and Krebs cycle.
B) The outer membrane is folded to increase surface area.
C) The space between the inner and outer membrane is large to provide a high concentration gradient of protons.
D) They have their own DNA and 80S ribosomes.
A) The matrix contains enzymes vital for the link reaction and Krebs cycle.
The Lincoln index provides an estimation of population size. Which is the correct formula for the Lincoln index?
Number of individuals first caught = number of individuals recaptured / number of marked individuals recaptured
What happens when the cerebellum is damaged or dysfunctional?
E.g. Uncoordinated and jerky movements
The cerebellum plays a crucial role in fine-tuning and coordinating muscle movements, so damage to this structure can result in movement abnormalities.
Some diseases, such as covid-19 can be passed from one species to another. What is this type of transmission called?
zoonotic diseases / zoonoses
List 3 features found in all living cells.
plasma membrane
genetic information (DNA/RNA)
cytoplasm
In fruit flies, the wing forms from a structure called the larval imaginal disc, which are epithelial cells that are marked for future wing development. What molecules are present in the developing wing that impacts gene expression within the early stage embryo?
Morphogens
State the name of the relationship that best describes the interaction between a rhinoceros and an oxpecker, wherein the oxpecker eats burrowing insects from the hide of the rhino.
mutualistic relationship / mutualism
How do chemoreceptors affect the breathing rate?
They detect a rise in CO2 concentration in blood and increase the breathing rate.
What is the correct order of the blood clotting cascade?
1) clotting factors released from platelets
2) clotting factors convert prothrombin to thrombin
3) thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
State the type of integral, membrane-spanning protein that allows the facilitated transport of materials in and out of the cell.
channel protein
The Miller-Urey experiment was able to produce some simple organic molecules. Complex oily hydrocarbons were synthesised, as well as which other type of simple compound?
Amino acids