War of 1812
What caused the war
Britain messing with American trade and the British supporting the indigenous groups
Who lived in Upper and Lower Canada?
Upper Canada: Mostly English speakers; led by Family Compact.
Lower Canada: Mostly French Canadiens; led by Château Clique.
Where did most migrants come from?
Britain, Ireland and Scotland.
What is responsible government?
A government where elected leaders have real power and must answer to the voters.
A secret escape route for enslaved African Americans.
What is the Underground Railroad?
Why were Britain and the U.S. at war?
The U.S. wanted to take over land in North America and Britain was already at war with France and wanted control of trade.
How was government unfair?
Only the Legislative Assembly was elected.
The Governor and two councils were chosen by Britain and had most of the power.
Why is it called a “migration” and not “immigration”?
Canada was still part of the British Empire, so people were moving within the same empire.
Who was Lord Durham?
A British official sent to find out why the rebellions happened.
People who helped slaves escape.
What is a conductor?
How did Canada react to the war?
British, French, and Indigenous people in Canada joined together to defend the land and many supported Britain and didn’t want the U.S. to take over.
Why did the rebellions happen?
People were angry at unfair government, high taxes, and lack of voice.
Why did 800,000 people come to Canada?
Because they were hungry, in poverty, were facing war, and looking to find a better life in Canada.
What were Lord Durham's two main recommendations?
Unite Upper and Lower Canada into one colony.
Give Canada a responsible government.
They were people who were escaping from slavery.
What are Passengers?
Who were Tecumseh and Isaac Brock?
Tecumseh: Indigenous leader who worked with the British.
Isaac Brock: British general who helped defend Canada.
Who led the rebellions?
Upper Canada: William Lyon Mackenzie.
Lower Canada: Louis-Joseph Papineau.
How did immigrants travel and what challenges did they face?
Came on crowded coffin ships.
Many got sick with typhus and other diseases.
Many were sent to Grosse-Île, a quarantine station.
What did Durham think about the Canadiens?
He wanted them to assimilate them to being more British.
Safe houses for escaping slaves.
What are Stations?
How did the war end and what were the results?
Ended with the Treaty of Ghent (1814).
No land was lost or gained.
The 49th Parallel was set as the border between the U.S. and Canada.
First Nations lost influence, but Canadian identity grew stronger.
Ninety-Two Resolutions: Lower Canada (Papineau).
Seventh Report on Grievances: Upper Canada (Mackenzie).
Why did Canada’s colonies become more British?
So many British people moved to Canada that they brought their language, laws, and customs.
What did the Act of Union do? (Signed 1841)
It joined Upper and Lower Canada into one colony called the Province of Canada.
Created Canada West (formerly Upper Canada) and Canada East (formerly Lower Canada).
The name for Canada in which slavery was not allowed.
What is the Safe haven?