MOA
What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers like metoprolol
Block beta-adrenergic receptors to decrease heart rate
Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily found in which organ
Heart
What diuretic is commonly prescribed for congestive heart failure and works by removing excess fluid from the body
Lasix
What is the most common gastrointestinal side effect of opioid medications
constipation
What is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity, often given within 8–10 hours of overdose
N-acetylcysteine (NAC
How does insulin lower blood glucose levels
Facilitates cellular uptake of glucose
What happens when a drug acts as an antagonist at a receptor site
It blocks or inhibits the receptor's activity
What medication is a beta-blocker used to lower heart rate and treat high blood pressure
metoprolol
What is the serious side effect of anticoagulants like warfarin requires patients to be monitored regularly
bleeding
What common cardiovascular medication can become toxic in patients with poor renal function and presents with signs like bradycardia and confusion
digoxin
What is the primary mechanism of action of diuretics like furosemide (Lasix)
Inhibit sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys
Albuterol works by stimulating which receptor to cause bronchodilation
Beta-2
What drug is an antibiotic often used for ear, nose, and throat infections and belongs to the penicillin family
Amoxicillin
What side effect, often caused by loop diuretics like furosemide, can lead to muscle cramps or arrhythmias
hypokalemia
This antidote is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose
flumazenil
How do ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) lower blood pressure
Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Which receptor type do opioids primarily bind to for pain relief
Mu-opioid receptors
What anticoagulant is taken orally to prevent blood clots and requires regular INR monitoring
Warfarin
Anticholinergic drugs often cause this oral side effect due to reduced saliva production
dry mouth
In acetaminophen overdose, this liver enzyme level is critically monitored to assess liver damage
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine work
Block the reuptake of serotonin into neurons, increasing its availability
A patient taking an anticholinergic drug may experience which common side effect due to muscarinic receptor blockade
Dry mouth
This cholesterol-lowering drug belongs to the "statin" class and works by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol production
atorvastatin
What is the potentially life-threatening condition, characterized by high fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status, is a rare but serious side effect of antipsychotic medications
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
This drug class’s overdose symptoms include anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, dilated pupils, and hallucinations
antihistamines or anticholinergics