דף כא
Name 4 of the things the Mishna says you can keep:
Scattered fruit, scattered money, bundles in a public area, fig cakes, bread of a baker, strings of fish, cut of meat, shearing of wool for the country, bundles of flax, tongues of Argaman.
Why did the משׁנה specify the ירדן over any other river?
That's where the תנא who wrote it was sitting
Why can't you keep the bread of a בּעל הבּית?
It would have a סימן (put in communal oven so needed a סימן).
What is special about the בּירן river?
It has obstacles that will stop the object and has only Jews working there.
What is considered a "tower" of coins?
2 coins next to each other and one coin sitting on top of both of them like a pyramid.
What is the דין if you find money between the money changer and his table?
Not allowed to take it.
How much is considered scattered according to Rav Yitzchak?
How do we know if the owner is scared about stealing regarding another guy collecting תרומה?
If he finds out and tells him to find better fruit and he does then he is not scared of stealing.
What do רשׁי and תוספות say is the meaning of עין מעבירין?
Means you can't walk by food on the ground and just leave it there.
What did the בּית מדרשׁ tell ר יצחק נפחא to do with the rope of trappers that he found?
Keep it
Why do we call the עבודה זרה by the term of "מרקוליס" instead of real name of קוליס?
The term קוליס is a praise to the עבודה זרה and מרקוליס is a disgrace.
According to רשׁי, when the Mishnah says "the last one" regarding renting a house, what does he mean?
The last person to rent out the house.
What are the two explanations for what "נמושׁות" are?
1) Old men who would go around with their canes slowly
2) Second shift of poor people who would check for every piece
After we disproved the idea of יאושׁ שׁלא מדעת, why are you allowed to eat dates that were blown in the wind?
He would have יאושׁ מעיקרא because of the bugs on the ground.
Why don't we say that the animals will eat the object which is a stronger question than them moving it around (תוספות)?
This case is talking about big bundles which animals won't eat.
What does ר אסי say is the דין if you find a barrel of wine in a place that is רוב כנענים?
Allowed to take it but not allowed to benefit from it.
What is the דין if you find a tied pigeon outside of a fence?
Don't touch it.
If the owner is sifting through the sand to find his item, why is the finder still allowed to keep it if it he seemingly doesn't have יאוש on it?
He knows it is common for people to lose things in sand so looking for a different item, not necessarily his item.
According to אבּיי, why can you keep figs that fell from a tree but not olives or carobs?
By figs he will have יאושׁ מעיקרא because they are common to fall so he expects them to fall. Olives and carobs are not expected to fall so no יאושׁ מעיקרא.
According to אביי, if find something in a field, why allowed to keep if it could be an underage orphan and he would only be able to have יאושׁ on it later when he is older(יאושׁ שׁלא מדעת) if אביי holds that it doesn't work now?
We would go after the majority and wouldn't assume that it is from an underage orphan which is a minority.
What is the proof that מנין is a סימן?
Says in a בּרייתא that if you find a silver or copper כּלי, or pieces of lead, or any metal כּלי, you don't return unless given סימן of weight. If weight is considered a good סימן, then for sure מנין is a good סימן.
What is the argument between רשׁי and תוספות on what it means that אבוה דשמואל returned the donkey after 12 months.
The opinion of רשׁי is that he found it after it was lost for 12 months and still returned it.
The opinion of תוספות is that he found it, took care of it for 12 months, and then returned it.
Why did the גמרא try to use ציבורי פּירות וציבורי מעות to prove that מינן is a סימן if we already proved that before?
Want to have a proof directly from the משנה
According to תוספות, when does your property acquire something for you?
If you are destined to find it.
How can you keep כריכות בּרשׁות הרבּים when it's for sure הינוח, if we say that if it is even a ספק הינוח you can't take?
When we say you don't take by ספק הינוח, we are talking about a guarded place (therefore either announce or leave it).
According to תוספות, how can רשׁי say that the finder announces the מקום and the owner says the item, if it says on דף כח that unless you say a good סימן, it doesn't help you get back item?
In the case on דף כח, we are worried about two guys losing same item. In our case, we aren't worried about 2 guys losing same item in same place because very unlikely.
How does the גמרא say that you shouldn't speak highly of your host if another גמרא says you should speak of all the things the host bothered himself with to help you?
Our case is talking about when he is talking to improper people who will go and take advantage of the host.
In what case does ר חנניא argue regarding finding an item in a dump? ( תוספות)
If found in a garbage dump by a house.
Why if you find a טלית or an ax behind a fence, should you not take and announce if it has a סימן if our גמרא said that the bird behind fence if it has a סימן you need to announce?
A1: Case of טלית is a completely guarded place.
A2: Here you know its normal for workers to leave out there things before going to work.
How can money be חולין on הר הבית if it is seemingly אסור to have חולין money on you by הר הבית?
(תוספות)
Only אסור if it is tied to you because it is disgraceful because it looks like it is for business. If it is in your hand, not disgraceful and not אסור so could be חולין