Biology
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons neutrons electrons
What is the formula for speed?
Speed = distance ÷ time.
What layer of Earth is broken into tectonic plates?
The lithosphere.
Which two systems work together to deliver oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide?
The respiratory and circulatory systems.
Which group of the periodic table contains the noble gases?
Group 18
Name two forms of energy that can be transformed by a torch.
Chemical → electrical → light and heat energy.
What natural disaster is most commonly caused by movement at plate boundaries?
Earthquakes.
Name the system responsible for producing hormones to control growth and metabolism.
The endocrine system
What type of chemical reaction occurs when magnesium burns in oxygen?
Combustion reaction
What medium can sound not travel through?
A vacuum (like space).
Name three way human activity affects the carbon cycle.
Burning fossil fuels releases CO₂.
Explain how the nervous system responds when you touch something hot.
Receptors in the skin detect heat > sensory neuron > spinal cord > motor neuron > muscles contract
In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products equals the total mass of the reactants. What law is this?
The law of conservation of mass.
What’s the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
Transverse: particles move perpendicular to wave direction. Longitudinal: particles move parallel to wave direction.
Explain why oceanic plates sink beneath continental plates during subduction.
Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.
Explain the stages of cell division
interphase and mitosis
A student adds vinegar to different white powders and measures temperature change and bubbling. What type of variables are being tested, and how should they control the experiment?
Independent (powder type), dependent (reaction observed), controlled (vinegar volume, temperature, same container, etc.).
A cyclist travels 1.2 km north in 4 minutes, then 800 m east in 2 minutes. What is their average speed and total displacement?
Total distance = 1.2 km + 0.8 km = 2.0 km
Time = 6 min = 0.1 hr → Speed = 20 km/h
Displacement = √(1.2² + 0.8²) = √(1.44 + 0.64) = √2.08 ≈ 1.44 km
Describe how the water cycle and carbon cycle are interconnected.
Water transports carbon (e.g. in rainfall, oceans); carbon can dissolve in water, affecting climate and ecosystems.