Evolution and speciation
This term describes a change in the heritable characteristics of a population.
What is evolution?
This type of bond between water molecules is responsible for cohesion and adhesion.
What is a hydrogen bond?
This element can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a vast diversity of organic compounds.
What is carbon?
This is the monomer that makes up a polypeptide chain.
What is an amino acid?
This term describes the sum of all interdependent chemical reactions in a living organism.
What is metabolism?
The pentadactyl limbs in vertebrates are a classic example of these structures, which suggest a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
This property, caused by hydrogen bonds, allows insects to walk on a water surface.
What is surface tension?
This is the energy storage polysaccharide found in plants.
What is starch?
This is the name for the covalent bond that links amino acids together.
What is a peptide bond?
This is the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the active site?
This type of evolution leads to analogous structures, which have the same function but different evolutionary origins.
What is convergent evolution?
This property, the attraction of water to polar surfaces, enables capillary action in soil and plant cell walls.
What is adhesion?
These lipids, including fats and oils, are a major component of long-term energy storage in adipose tissue.
What are triglycerides?
This is the irreversible structural change in a protein caused by extreme heat or pH.
What is denaturation?
This model of enzyme action states that the binding of a substrate causes a conformational change in the enzyme's active site.
What is the induced-fit model?
This is the term for the splitting of a pre-existing species into two or more distinct species.
What is speciation?
Because a wide variety of hydrophilic molecules can dissolve in it, water is known as an excellent one of these.
What is a solvent?
These lipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, making them the primary component of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
This term describes amino acids that must be obtained from the diet as they cannot be synthesized by the body.
What are essential amino acids?
This is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, which enzymes lower.
What is activation energy?
The separation of bonobos and common chimpanzees by the Congo River is an example of this form of isolation leading to speciation.
What is geographical isolation?
The transport of water under tension in a plant's xylem relies on this property of water molecules sticking together.
What is cohesion?
A fatty acid with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds is described as this.
What is unsaturated?
The number of different amino acids
20
Increasing this factor will increase the reaction rate until all enzyme active sites are occupied, at which point the rate plateaus.
What is substrate concentration?