🌎Earth Shakes and Quakes (Ch. 3)
Q: What does eyewitness mean?
A. A person who studies crime scenes
B. A person who hears about something from a friend
C. A person who saw something happen with their own eyes
D. A person who writes about history
C. A person who saw something happen with their own eyes ✅
What is a volcano?
A. A hole in the sky
B. A large crater filled with water
C. A hill or mountain that forms over a crack in Earth’s crust from which lava erupts
D. A type of earthquake
C. A hill or mountain that forms over a crack in Earth’s crust from which lava erupts ✅
Physical weathering does what to rocks?
A. Melts them into lava
B. Breaks big rocks into smaller ones without changing the minerals they contain
C. Turns them into water
D. Colors them with different minerals
B. Breaks big rocks into smaller ones without changing the minerals they contain ✅
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first people to reach Earth’s highest point—29,029 feet above ______.
A. Sea level
B. Mount Everest
C. The clouds
D. Ground level
A. Sea level ✅
The Mid‑Atlantic Ridge is a long, ________, underwater mountain chain.
A. Smooth
B. Flat
C. Rugged
D. Shallow
C. Rugged ✅
A ______ is a fracture or crack in the Earth’s crust.
A. Epicenter
B. Fault
C. Plate
D. Aftershock
B. Fault ✅
What is an active volcano?
A. A volcano that is completely extinct
B. A volcano that erupts every day
C. A volcano that is used for hot springs
D. A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years
D. A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years ✅
Chemical weathering does what to rocks?
A. Changes the shape but not the composition
B. Breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing them
C. Breaks down rocks by changing the minerals they contain
D. Turns rocks into fossils
C. Breaks down rocks by changing the minerals they contain ✅
Geologists classify the Himalayas as _____________. The name refers to the way rocks are pushed up into huge folds by moving tectonic plates.
A. Dome mountains
B. Volcanic mountains
C. Fold mountains
D. Plateaus
C. Fold mountains ✅
Spanning ________ miles, the chain of mid‑ocean ridges is the world’s longest mountain range.
A. 1,000
B. 20,000
C. 40,389
D. 100,000
C. 40,389 ✅
The place in the Earth’s crust that is the heart of the earthquake is the:
A. Focus
B. Epicenter
C. Fault
D. Trigger
A. Focus ✅
What is a subduction zone?
A. Where two plates move apart
B. Where magma cools quickly
C. Where one plate goes under another plate
D. A place where mountains form
C. Where one plate goes under another plate ✅
______ are enormous masses of ice found in the polar regions and near the tops of tall mountains.
A. Geysers
B. Avalanches
C. Glaciers
D. Icebergs
C. Glaciers ✅
What is a common fossil found on Mount Everest?
A. Dinosaur teeth
B. Trilobites and crinoids
C. Fish bones
D. Pinecones
B. Trilobites and crinoids ✅
Searing hot, dark water gushing from cracks in the ocean floor is called:
A. Lava flows
B. Hot springs
C. Hydrothermal vents
D. Deep-sea geysers
C. Hydrothermal vents ✅
What is a seismogram?
A. A chart that shows the names of tectonic plates
B. A machine that causes earthquakes
C. A graph of an earthquake’s speed
D. A recording that shows seismic waves as jagged lines
D. A recording that shows seismic waves as jagged lines ✅
How many active volcanoes lie around the edges of the Pacific Plate?
A. About 100
B. Around 300
C. More than 450
D. Less than 50
C. More than 450 ✅
Did the Grand Canyon exist when the dinosaurs did?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Only part of it
D. It formed because of dinosaurs
B. No ✅
Fault-block mountains are formed when _______.
A. Lava builds up over time
B. Glaciers melt and refreeze
C. Gigantic blocks of rock move up and down along faults
D. Earthquakes create cracks in valleys
C. Gigantic blocks of rock move up and down along faults ✅
What are seamounts?
A. Mountains on land
B. Icebergs from Antarctica
C. Sunken islands
D. Underwater volcanoes of many shapes and sizes
D. Underwater volcanoes of many shapes and sizes ✅
What would be considered a “destructive earthquake” on the Richter scale?
A. 2.5
B. 4.0
C. 5.5
D. 6.0
D. 6.0 ✅
What are geysers?
A. Volcanoes that erupt lava and ash
B. Hot springs that periodically erupt, like volcanoes of hot water
C. Holes in the ground that shake
D. Earthquakes in the ocean
B. Hot springs that periodically erupt, like volcanoes of hot water ✅
What can transport sediment from place to place?
A. Only water
B. Wind and rain
C. Wind, flowing water, moving ice, and gravity
D. Earthquakes only
C. Wind, flowing water, moving ice, and gravity ✅
_______________ look like great humps of rocks with rounded tops.
A. Fold mountains
B. Dome mountains
C. Fault-block mountains
D. Volcanic plateaus
B. Dome mountains ✅
How many people have traveled to the bottom of the Mariana Trench (Challenger Deep)?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 3
D. Over 50
C. 3 ✅