Gray's Anatomy
Children are at higher risk for respiratory distress because of the size of this anatomical structure.
What is the diameter of their trachea?
Age 0-1 is 6mm
Age 4-5 is 9mm
Adults range from 15-20mm
Identify this breath sound
What is wheezing?
Wheezing is typically an expiratory breathing sound but can also be inspiratory. It may be caused by asthma, anaphylaxis, bronchiolitis or foreign body.
This is considered a fever when measured under the arm in a child over 3 months of age.
What is greater than 37.5C?
Fever level alone is not a good indicator of severity of illness.
The best place to feel a pulse in a child under age 4 is here.
What is the upper arm?
Identify this type of rash by the description.
What is hives?
The usual cause of hives in children is a viral infection. Less than 10% are related to an allergic reaction.
Decreased contractile efficiency means a child’s heart must compensate by doing this.
What is increasing their heart rate?
Identify this breathing sound!
What is croup?
There is a guideline for this specific illness! We don’t diagnosis illnesses as nurses, but if a child has a barking cough – use the croup guideline.
These will result in an increased heart rate in children.
(Name 4 reasons)
-
What are:
- Exercise
- Fear/stress or anxiety
- Dreams
- Medications
- Fever
- Feeding
- Crying
- Dehydration
- Pain
- Hypoxia
- Stimulants
This is a good age range to start toilet training.
What is 18-30 months?
There is a guideline for toilet training questions and symptoms.
Identify the illness by the description.
What is hand, foot and mouth disease?
There is a guideline specifically for this. The definition will help you if you are unsure.
Increased glucose requirements and poor glycogen stores can rapidly lead to this.
What is hypoglycemia?
Identify this breathing sound!
What is grunting?
Grunting is the child’s way of trying to keep air in the lungs so they stay open – like CPAP. Always listen to a child’s breathing over the phone with any respiratory assessment.
Don’t miss these signs of respiratory distress.
(Name 4 signs)
What is:
- Cyanosis
- Rapid respiratory rate
- Stridor or wheezing
- Nasal flaring
- Retractions
- Apnea
These are all ways to identify pain in a nonverbal child.
(Name 3)
What are:
- Amount/intensity of crying
- Ability to console
- Willingness to play
- Amount of oral intake
- Ability to sleep
Identify the illness by the description.
What is chicken pox?
Though most children receive a chicken pox vaccine, some will still contract this virus. They may also have a chicken pox rash post vaccine – this is covered in immunization reaction guideline.
Immature kidney function results in an increased risk of this health problem.
What is dehydration?
These are all types of retractions.
(Name 4)
What are:
•Subcostal
•Substernal
•Suprasternal
•Supraclavicular
•Intercostal
•Nasal flaring
•Scalene
The best treatment for coughs is honey and cough drops in children over this age.
What is age 6?
Chest pain in children correlates with a serious cardiac disease:
a) 1%
b) 5%
c) 22%
d) 68%
What is 1%?
Only 1% of children referred to a cardiologist for chest pain had a cardiac etiology.
Identify the illness by the description.
What is roseola?
Common viral illness age 6 months- 3 years. Triage in Rash or Redness – Widespread (PED) guideline
Young children’s higher center of gravity and incomplete motor function puts them at higher risk for this type of injury.
What is a head injury?
Identify this breathing sound!
What is congestion?
Congestion can cause some signs of respiratory distress. What might you suggest to the caller?
• Try to clear the nose with saline drops and nasal suction (outlined in home care advice in several pediatric guidelines)
• If clearing the nose resolves the other signs of respiratory distress, then indicates an upper airway concern only (likely less concerning)
Normal and abnormal urine output values can be found on the HL intranet here.
What is the Resource Guide link on the Clinical Advisor page?
This is the most common broken bone in children.
What is the collarbone/clavicle!
It's easy to notice because the clavicle is tender to touch and the child cannot raise their arm upward.
Identify the illness by the description.
What is fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)?
There is a guideline specifically for this. Refer to the guideline definition.