Finance & Financial Analysis
Marketing & Market Strategies
Business Strategies & Growth
Human Resources & Motivation
100

This type of budgeting involves setting financial targets for each department based on expected outcomes, encouraging efficiency and accountability.

What is zero-based budgeting?

100

It’s when a product is priced super low to enter a market or beat competitors.

What is penetration pricing?


100

This occurs when a firm expands operations across different industries, often diluting its core focus.

What is conglomerate diversification?

200

This investment appraisal technique considers both the time value of money and the project's overall profitability, using a discount rate to evaluate returns.

What is Net Present Value (NPV)?

200

When a market is so saturated, firms start tweaking the product just to survive.

What is product differentiation?

200

This Japanese term refers to continuous, incremental improvement across all areas of a firm.

What is Kaizen?

200

In expectancy theory, this factor measures how strongly someone believes performance will lead to a specific outcome.

What is instrumentality?

300

This measure of profitability compares operating profit to revenue, showing how efficiently a business turns sales into profit before interest and tax.

What is the operating profit margin?

300

You're not creating demand — you're capturing it. This approach is what you're using.

What is  customer-oriented marketing?

300

The management approach that integrates environmental and social concerns with business strategy.

What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?

400

This profitability ratio is calculated by dividing net profit before interest and tax by capital employed.

What is return on capital employed (ROCE)?

400

Two competing brands merge their features to create one “power” offering.

 What is co-branding?

400

A strategic move that shifts an entire industry’s structure and value chain to create new demand.

What is a blue ocean strategy?

500

A form of long-term debt financing that’s unsecured and based on creditworthiness alone.

What is a debenture?

500

This marketing approach sells the same product using different branding in different regions.

What is global localization?

500

A company uses this strategy when it cuts costs to compete in price wars.

What is cost leadership?