Language theories
This is called "Plato's Problem".
What is the idea that some knowledge such as language is innate?
These four learner-specific factors should be considered in lesson planning to help multilingual students use and develop language effectively.
What are individual experiences, characteristics, abilities, and levels of language proficiency?
This stage is often called "the silent period," when students take in a new language but typically do not speak.
What is the Pre-production stage?
In BC’s ELL framework, this skill includes both listening and speaking.
What is Oral Language?
Descartes believed that this was what set humans apart from other animals.
For Descartes: How we use language to communicate and how we need it to interact with each other does what?
Multilingual learners strengthen their language development by engaging in activities that combine these four types of communication: oral, written, visual, and kinesthetic.
What are multiple modalities?
"Think-pair-share," small group discussions, and practicing academic sentence stems like “In my opinion…” are effective during this fluency stage.
What is the Beginning Fluency stage?
This term describes a condensed version of the full ELL continua, designed for quick reference in classrooms.
What is a quick scale?
This is called the "Accultuaration Model".
What is the idea that cultural identification is essential to the individual and that language learners learn better if their own culture is valued?
To use language effectively, multilingual learners rely on these three types of awareness: one about how they think, one about how language works, and one about culture.
What are metacognitive, metalinguistic, and metacultural awareness?
During this stage, students begin to speak in short words and phrases but still rely mostly on listening and absorbing the language.
What is the Early Production stage?
These five proficiency levels—Beginning, Developing, Expanding, Consolidating, and Bridging—are used to track ELL learner progress in BC.
What are the five proficiency levels in the ELL Standards?