A
The type of research that deals mainly with numbers, measurements, and statistics.
Quantitative research
A systematic process of collecting and analyzing numerical data.
Quantitative research
The first step in conducting quantitative research.
Identifying the research problem
A brief summary at the very beginning of a research paper, usually around 150–250 words, that presents the research problem, methods, results, and conclusions.
Abstract
The type of research that aims to describe what exists.
Descriptive research
A list placed at the end of the paper showing all the books, articles, and sources cited.
References
The part that explains the meaning of key terms and concepts used in the study.
Definition of terms
The section that explains why the study is important, what gap it addresses, and the objectives it seeks to achieve.
Introduction
The section that briefly summarizes the entire study, highlights key findings, and may suggest recommendations or further research.
Conclusion
The section where the researcher presents the analyzed data, often using tables, graphs, and statistical results.
Results
A small part or subset of the population selected for study.
Sample
The entire group that the researcher wants to draw conclusions about.
Population
The process of choosing participants from the population to be included in the study.
Sampling
The part that describes in detail how the research was conducted, including design, participants, instruments, and procedures.
Methodology
The section that presents an overview of what has already been written on the topic and shows how the current study fits in.
Review of Related Literature
A statistical method used to describe and summarize data (e.g., mean, median, mode).
Descriptive Statistics
A statistical method used to test hypotheses and determine relationships between variables.
Inferential Statistics
The consistency or repeatability of measurement results.
Reliablity
A research tool consisting of a series of questions for respondents.
Questionnaire
A specific statement or question that guides what the research aims to answer or examine.
Research Questions
The type of data expressed in numbers and counted precisely.
Quantitative data
The type of data based on categories or labels without numerical meaning.
Qualitative data
A study that examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them.
Correlational Research
The specific way a researcher plans to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
Research Design
The part where the researcher interprets findings, relates them to previous studies, and explains implications.
Discussion