Vision Basics
A neural signal is quicker in a _____ axon.
myelinated
Horizontal cells in the retina contribute to a process that helps us to see _____ better
Edges
What auditory illusion occurs when conflicting visual and auditory speech cues are presented?
The McGurk effect
Which type of mechanoreceptor is especially sensitive to vibration and rapid changes in pressure?
Pacinian corpuscles
What is the first part of the brain that smell signal reaches?
Olfactory bulb
Why does the fovea provide the clearest, most detailed visual information?
It has a 1 to 1 convergence onto the ganglion cells
There is a theory that states that we have sets on neurons with excitatory/inhibitory color pairs. What is the name of this theory?
Opponent-Process Theory
What sound localization cue would be most effective in detecting a high frequency noise on the Azimuth plane?
ILD
Why do C fibers transmit dull, aching pain more slowly than A-delta fibers transmit sharp pain?
C fibers are unmyelinated
If you are a supertaster, then ___.
You are more sensitive than the average person to nearly all tastes.
What is the primary drawback of having high convergence in vision?
Worse acuity
Which depth cue relies on the relative motion of objects across the retina as the observer moves, and what kind of depth cue is it classified as?
Motion parallax, monocular
Why does damage to the medial geniculate nucleus in the right hemisphere not result in complete deafness?
Auditory information from each ear projects bilaterally to both hemispheres
Why does damage to the primary somatosensory cortex in the left hemisphere affect touch perception on the right side of the body?
Somatosensory pathways cross over in the spinal cord
Which papillae have no taste buds?
Filiform
What would most likely occur if there was a lack of horizontal cells in the retina?
Lateral inhibition would be impaired.
A patient reports that she can see stationary objects clearly, but whenever people move, they seem to “disappear” or appear in separate positions without visible motion in between. What specific area of the brain is likely damaged, and what is the name of this condition?
Damage to area MT/V5; akinetopsia (motion blindness).
How is the amplitude of a sound wave encoded by the auditory system?
It is encoded by the rate of firing in auditory nerve fibers and the number of activated neurons
What phenomenon allows the brain to reorganize sensory maps after limb amputation or sensory loss?
Cortical plasticity
How does the brain distinguish between different odors?
Each olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) projects to specific glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, creating a spatial activity pattern unique to each odor.
The LGN layers coding color for the right visual field would be _____.
Parvocellular layers in the left LGN
Which is the best summary of the conclusion from the Greebles study?
Activation of the FFA is related to expertise for a given type of visual stimulus rather than faces explicitly
What is the smallest muscle in the human body, and where is it located?
The stapedius muscle, located in the middle ear
What characteristic of surfaces do Merkel cells help detect most effectively?
Fine texture and spatial details.
What is the functional role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in taste and smell, and how does it contribute to flavor perception?
The OFC enables the conscious perception of flavor and reward value