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100

The most effective method for producing an increase in the total amount of water lost through the skin during a certain period would be:

A. inhibiting kidney function.

B. decreasing salt consumption.

C. increasing water consumption.

D. raising the environmental temperature.

D. raising the environmental temperature.

100

The enzyme pepsin, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach, has a pH optimum of 1.5. Under conditions of excess stomach acidity (pH of 1.0 or less), pepsin catalysis occurs very slowly. The most likely reason for this is that below a pH of 1.0:

A.pepsin is feedback-inhibited.

B.pepsin synthesis is reduced.

C.the peptide bonds in pepsin are more stable.

D.the three-dimensional structure of pepsin is changed.

D. the three-dimensional structure of pepsin is changed.

100

Regular breathing and regular, slow brain waves are most consistent with which stage of sleep?

  1. NREM1

  2. NREM2

  3. NREM3

  4. REM

3. NREM3

100

An astronaut on Earth notes that in her soft drink an ice cube floats with 9/10 of its volume submerged. If she were instead in a lunar module parked on the Moon where the gravitation force is 1/6 that of Earth, the ice in the same soft drink would float:

  1. with more than 9/10 submerged.

  2. with 9/10 submerged.

  3. with 6/10 submerged.

  4. totally submerged.

2. with 9/10 submerged.

100

14. Inbreeding can reduce the fitness of a population in the short term because it causes an increase in the:

  1. genetic diversity of the population.

  2. levels of aggression in the population.

  3. rate of spontaneous mutations.

  4. incidence of expression of deleterious recessive traits.

D. incidence of expression of deleterious recessive traits.

200

Which of the following recombinant processes depends on the F factor plasmid?

  1. Transformation

  2. Transduction

  3. Conjugation

  4. Translocation

3. Conjugation

200

Which compound is NOT a component of the citric acid cycle?

  1. Pyruvate

  2. α-Ketoglutarate

  3. Succinate

  4. Malate

  1. Pyruvate

200

Based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, an 8-year-old child’s cognition is likely to be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

  1. symbolic thinking.

  2. hypothetical reasoning.

  3. Egocentrism.

  4. conservation of mass.

2. hypothetical reasoning.

200

The initial decay activity of a given quantity of a radioactive element is 240 counts/min. After 24 min, the activity is 60 counts/min. What is the half-life of the element?

A.4 min

B.12 min

C.24 min

D.48 min

B.12 min

200

The sequence of events in the human menstrual cycle involves close interaction among which organs?

  1. Hypothalamus-thyroid-ovary

  2. Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary

  3. Pituitary-thyroid-ovary

  4. Pituitary-adrenal glands-ovary

B. Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary

300

If some but not all of the offspring from repeated matings of the same pair of fruit flies show the recessive traits of vestigial wings (vv) and ebony color (ee), which of the following could have been the genotypes of the individuals mated?

  1. One VVEE, one vvee

  2. Both VvEe

  3. One vvEE, one VVee 

  4. Both vvee

Both VvEe

300

Which of the following characteristics clearly marks fungi as eukaryotes?

  1. They have cell walls.

  2. They contain ribosomes.

  3. They contain mitochondria.

  4. They exhibit sexual reproduction.

3. They contain mitochondria.

300

A researcher following the dramaturgical approach to social interaction is most likely to make which prediction?

  1. An individual will modify his or her front stage self in response to the perceived audience.

  2. The back stage self will be used in social interactions more often than the looking-glass self.

  3. Impression management will occur only if individuals understand the relevant social norms.

  4. Verbal communication will express more symbolic meaning than nonverbal communication.

1. An individual will modify his or her front stage self in response to the perceived audience.

300

When a sound source moves away from an observer, the observer has the impression that the sound source is:

A.rotating.

B.louder than it actually is.

C.lower in frequency than it actually is.

D.higher in frequency than it actually is.

C.lower in frequency than it actually is.

300

In mammals, which of the following events occurs during mitosis but does NOT occur during meiosis I?

A.Synapsis

B.The splitting of centromeres

C.The pairing of homologous chromosomes

D.The breaking down of the nuclear membrane

B.The splitting of centromeres