T/F
Within one calendar year, 15 new cases of dysphagia were diagnosed among 200 stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. The _______________ of dysphagia in this population is 7.5%over that year. True or False
True. Explain why
How do SLPs use their knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and functional aspects in managing dysphagia? Select the best answer. - Must explain your answer
a. By understanding the function, and coordination of structures and the mechanisms involved in the swallowingprocess and making clinical determinations as a result.
b. By conducting assessment procedures including cranial nerve exams, BSE, and instrumental assessments to ascertain the competency of the swallowing mechanism
c. By creating targeted treatment plans using strategies to strengthen or increase the function of structures.
d. All of the above
All of the above
Dysphagia is often characterized as a ______ of another disease.
Symptoms
The most common x-ray technique that assesses the oral pharyngeal and cervical esophageal phases of the swallow is the:
Patients in ____________________________ are medically fragile and their swallowing response can be easily decompensated by fatigue or infection.
Skilled Nursing Facilities
The swallowing process is a complex set of interactions that require precise coordination of various nerves, muscles, and structures.True or False
True. Explain why
Why is interprofessional collaboration important in the management of dysphagia? Select the best answer. Must explain your answer
a. Because SLPs can learn valuable insight from other professionals
b. Because it is a requirement by the ASHA
c. Because dysphagia management often requires the input of multiple specialists.
d. Because the SLP is required to consult the radiologist on all patients
c. Because dysphagia management often requires the input of multiple specialists.
How do SLPs use their knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and functional aspects in managing dysphagia? Select the best answer.
A. By understanding the function, and coordination of structures and the mechanisms involved in the swallowing process and making clinical determinations as a result.
B. By conducting assessment procedures including cranial nerve exams, BSE, and instrumental assessments toascertain the competency of the swallowing mechanism
C. All of the above
D. By creating targeted treatment plans using strategies to strengthen or increase the function
C. All of the above
All of the following are subcategories of dysphagia except:
A. Oropharyngeal
B. Lusoria
C. Constrictor
D. Nasopharyngeal
D. Nasopharyngeal
Middle portion of the pharynx, behind the oral cavity.
Oropharynx
During the clinical assessment, SLPs determine whether the patient is an appropriate candidate for treatment and/or management; this determination is based on findings that include medical stability, cognitive status, nutritional status, and psychosocial, environmental, and behavioral factors. True or False
True
This phase of the swallow involves the formation of a small rounded mass comprised of saliva and broken-down particles such as carbohydrates referred to as the bolus being moved anterior to posteriorly. - Must explain your answer
a. Transit phase
b. Oral phase
c. All of the above
d. Pharyngeal phase
b. Oral phase
Clinical Term for swallowing:
Deglutition
During the case history interview, the patient reports, “When I eat bread, it feels like it sticks in my chest and won’t go down unless I drink water.” From a clinical reasoning perspective, this report is best classified as:
A. An objective finding requiring instrumental confirmation
B. A compensatory behavior related to oral preparatory deficits
C. A symptom potentially indicative of dysphagia
D. A sign confirming a diagnosis of pharyngeal dysphagia
A symptom potentially indicative of dysphagia
Mr. Lee is a 69-year-old male referred for a swallowing evaluation following recent hospitalizationfor a COPD exacerbation. His medical history includes chemoradiation for oropharyngeal cancer, atemporary tracheostomy, and a prolonged ICU stay with intubation. Nursing staff report coughingduring meals and reduced oral intake. Which of the following best explains Mr. Lee’s elevated riskfor dysphagia?
Select the best answer.
A - His dysphagia is most likely related only to recent fatigue and does not warrant further investigation.
B - His prior cancer treatment is no longer relevant since it was completed two years ago.
C - His history includes several known contributors to dysphagia, including chemoradiation, pulmonary disease, critical care interventions, and advanced age.
C - His history includes several known contributors to dysphagia, including chemoradiation, pulmonary disease, critical care interventions, and advanced age.
Dysphagia is an impairment of emotional cognitive, sensory and/or motor acts involved withtransferring a substance from the mouth to the stomach. True or False -Must explain your answer
True
Dysphagia from spasm of the pharynx or esophagus.
a. Spastica
b. Lusoria.
c. Constricta
d. Paralytica
a. Spastica
During a clinical swallow evaluation, you auscultate the patient’s swallow and detect a wet, gurgly vocal quality immediately following a thin liquid trial. This observation would best be classified as:
A. An esophageal abnormality requiring referral to gastroenterology.
B. None of the above.
C. A compensatory strategy resulting from laryngeal elevation.
D. A clinician-observed sign suggestive of possible pharyngeal residue or aspiration.
E. A patient-reported symptom indicative of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
D. A clinician-observed sign suggestive of possible pharyngeal residue or aspiration.
The _________________ of a disorder is the reported frequency of new occurrences of the disorder over a long period of time (usually at least 1 year) in relation to the population in which occurs.
Incidence
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, intubation or tracheostomy, cervical spine surgery, and use of CNS-suppressing medications are all examples of which category of dysphagia etiology?
A- Structural Diagnosis
B - Iatrogenic Diagnosis
C- Neurological Diagnosis
Aspiration of liquids and food is the consequence of those materials entering the airway above the level of the vocal folds. True or False - Must explain your answer
False
The clinical term for chewing is:
Mastication
Mr. Thompson is a 78-year-old male with a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) who is currently on a modified diet due to moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia. During your assessment, you observe signs of reduced laryngeal elevation and early fatigue during meals. The medical team notes significant weight loss and recent lab results confirm protein-calorie malnutrition. As the SLP on the care team, what is the most clinically accurate interpretation of how malnutrition may influence Mr. Thompson’s swallowing and overall recovery? (Select the best answer)
A - Malnutrition is primarily a dietary issue and does not directly influence dysphagia management or outcomes.
B - Malnutrition is unlikely to impact swallowing mechanics but may affect general endurance during therapy.
C - Malnutrition contributes to muscle weakness, including those involved in swallowing, increasing the risk of aspiration and delaying recovery.
C - Malnutrition contributes to muscle weakness, including those involved in swallowing, increasing the risk of aspiration and delaying recovery.
Ms. Rivera, a 74-year-old patient with moderate dysphagia following a traumatic brain injury, is currently on thickened liquids. Nursing staff report that she is only taking small sips of fluid during meals and often refuses drinks between meals. Over the past week, she has become increasingly fatigued and disoriented, and a recent urinalysis indicates a urinary tract infection. As the SLP on the interdisciplinary team, what is the most appropriate interpretation of how dehydration may be impacting Ms. Rivera’s condition? Select the best answer
A - Dehydration is expected in patients on thickened liquids and requires no immediate intervention.
B - Dehydration is likely unrelated to her current cognitive symptoms.
C - Dehydration is a result of limited fluid intake, can worsen cognitive functioning, increase infection risk, and hinder recovery in patients with dysphagia.
C - Dehydration is a result of limited fluid intake, can worsen cognitive functioning, increase infection risk, and hinder recovery in patients with dysphagia.
A patient with Parkinson's disease is likely to present with all of the following at the oral phase except:
A- Piriform sinus retention
B- Buccal retention
C -Repetitive tongue pumping
D- Piecemeal deglutition
A- Piriform sinus retention