Mechanical Vent
What are the medical gas mixtures delivered in a ventilator?
INO (Nitric Oxide)
O2 (Oxygen)
He (Helium)
What remains constant in Pressure Control?
Pressure Waveform
If NIV does not markedly improve hypoxemia within 1 hour what should you do?
Intubate
What is the equation used to calculate the deadspace ratio? (VD/VT Ratio)
PaCO2-PeCO2/PaCO2
True or False
Drugs with CNS depressants effects should be discontinued before extubating.
True
For patient transport, you must use either...
Pneumatically powered ventilator or one that can run solely on batteries
Manually powered bag-valve mask resuscitator, and for long transports be sure to have back-up power available
What remains constant in Volume Control?
Volume and Flow
True Or False
NIV is not appropriate and can be harmful in the care of patients with DNI orders
False
Permissive Hypercapnia is used as a lung protective strategy to avoid what?
Volume Induce Lung Injury (VILI)
Level of ventilation needed is determined by what?
Metabolic Rate
CNS Drive
Ventilatory Deadspace
Drive mechanisms can be either...
Direct via pressure-reducing valve
or
Indirect via electrical motor of compression
What is Shearing?
Repetitive opening and closing of unstable lungs
Hypercapnic Respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbation
How do you decrease Auto-PEEP?
Increase Te (Expiratory Time)
Decrease Ti (Inspiratory Time)
Decrease Ve (Flow)
Renal insufficiency may lead to what?
Metabolic acidosis that can increase respiratory drive
What circuits are immune to failure from surrounding electromagnetic interference, as can occur around MRI equipment?
Fluidic Circuits
What is the Vt, RR, and Flow of a patient with Normal Lungs?
Vt = 6-8 mL/kg
RR = 12-16 bpm
Peak flow = 60-100 lpm
What are the major complications with NIV?
Aspiration
Hypotension
Pneumonia
What is your normal VC
70 mL/kg
What is the most common method of weaning a patient?
SBT (Spontaneous Breathing Trials)
What is Maxim 1?
A Breath is One Cycle of Positive Flow (Inspiration) and Negative Flow (Expiration) Defined in Terms of the Flow-Time Curve.
Prone Positioning improves oxygenation/PaO2 in patients with?
ARDS/ALI
Critical care ventilators should be used only with what?
Full-Face Masks
RR >30 with a spontaneous VT < 300ml may indicate need for what?
Mechanical Ventilation
What disease may occur frequently with patients who are mechanically ventilated?
Myocardial Ischemia