Hand expression
When is the ideal time to start hand expression?
What is within the first hour?
This is the preferred position for a preterm infant to promote midline orientation and self-regulation.
What is flexed, contained, and midline positioning?
In this position, mom reclines while the baby lies belly to belly.
What is the laid-back position?
This specific type of positioning aid, often customized per infant, supports containment and helps maintain physiologic flexion in preterm neonates.
What is a nest or positioning roll?
Freshly expressed milk can be stored at room temperature for this many hours.
What is 4 hours?
This method should be taught to mothers who are not effectively breastfeeding to maintain milk supply
What is hand expression or pumping?
This sense is most developed at birth and plays a key role in parent-infant bonding.
What is the sense of smell?
In this laid-back position, gravity helps baby move toward the breast.
What is the reclined or laid-back breastfeeding position?
In extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, auditory exposures should be limited to this decibel range to prevent overstimulation and cochlear injury.
What is below 45 decibels?
Once a feeding has started, leftover milk must be discarded after this time.
What is 1 hour?
How often should a mother express breast milk to establish and maintain milk supply?
What is At least 8 times in 24 hours?
Nurses should wait for these signs from the infant before beginning caregiving activities.
What are awake and stable behavioral cues?
The baby’s nose should be aligned with this part of the breast to achieve an effective latch.
What is the nipple?
According to FICare principles, this core nursing practice improves parent-infant attachment and reduces parental stress during NICU hospitalization.
What is including parents in daily rounds and bedside caregiving?
The pasteurization process used for DHM destroys these types of pathogens.
What are bacteria and viruses?
These two items must be provided to mothers who are separated from their infant to support hand expression.
What are a colostrum collection kit and breast milk storage containers?
These cues may indicate that an infant is overstimulated.
What is arching, finger splaying, or gaze aversion?
This position, often used with twins or mothers with large breasts, involves holding baby under the arm.
What is the football hold?
This approach gradually increases oral feeding opportunities based on infant cues and tolerance, rather than fixed schedules or volumes.
What is cue-based or infant-driven feeding?
This macronutrient is most significantly increased when fortifier is added.
What is protein?
These two preparatory steps—warming the breast and massaging—are shown to increase volume during expression.
What are breast massage and warm compress use?
This tool is used to track and assess developmental care practices in the NICU.
What is the NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program)?
A poor latch can lead to this painful maternal complication.
What are sore or cracked nipples?
This model of care empowers parents as primary caregivers and has been shown to improve infant outcomes and reduce parental stress.
What is Family Integrated Care (FICare)?
Fortified milk is usually initiated once this volume of enteral feeds is reached.
What is 100–120 mL/kg/day?