A
What is the primary goal of indexing?
A. To facilitate information retrieval
B. To write a summary of a document
C. To translate a document
D. To determine the author's credibility
A. To facilitate information retrieval
A brief, objective summary of a document is called a(n) __________.
A. Index
B. Abstract
C. Bibliography
D. Glossary
B. Abstract
The use of hashtags on social media is an example of what?
A. Controlled vocabulary
B. Automated indexing
C. Folksonomy
D. Semantic indexing
C. Folksonomy
Which technology is central to the modern trend of automated abstracting?
A. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
B. Blockchain
C. Cloud computing
D. Cybersecurity
A. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Which of the following is a well-known controlled vocabulary used in the medical field?
A. Dewey Decimal Classification
B. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)
C. Library of Congress Subject Headings
D. ISBN
B. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)
The term 'Semantic Web' refers to a web where information is structured to be understood by __________.
A. Humans only
B. Children
C. Machines
D. Professional indexers
C. Machines
Extractive summarization involves __________.
A. Copying key sentences from the original text
B. Generating new sentences to summarize the text
C. Translating the text into another language
D. Assigning subject headings to the text
A. Copying key sentences from the original text
An indexing system that uses a predefined and structured list of terms is known as a(n) __________. A. Open vocabulary
B. Folksonomy
C. Keyword list
D. Controlled vocabulary
D. Controlled vocabulary
A library database uses an automated system to suggest keywords for new articles, but a librarian always reviews and approves them. This is an example of:
A. A fully automated system
B. A human-in-the-loop (HITL) model
C. A folksonomy
D. A manual indexing system
B. A human-in-the-loop (HITL) model
A search engine that understands that "King of Pop" refers to Michael Jackson is demonstrating:
A. Semantic indexing
B. Keyword stuffing
C. Extractive summarization
D. Social tagging
A. Semantic indexing
Why might an automated abstracting tool struggle with an article containing a lot of sarcasm?
A. Sarcasm uses too many complex words.
B. The tool's processing speed is too slow.
C. It lacks the ability to understand nuanced, contextual meaning.
D. It was not trained on English language data.
C. It lacks the ability to understand nuanced, contextual meaning.
Which of the following represents the biggest challenge for indexing multimedia content like videos?
A. The file sizes are too large.
B. There is no text to analyze.
C. Users do not search for video content.
D. The content is non-textual and requires advanced analysis of audio and visual data.
D. The content is non-textual and requires advanced analysis of audio and visual data.
The main advantage of a folksonomy over a controlled vocabulary is its:
A. Guaranteed accuracy
B. Flexibility and reflection of current language
C. Strict hierarchical structure
D. High cost of implementation
B. Flexibility and reflection of current language
A researcher is studying a rare historical event. Why might a professionally curated database with human indexers be more useful than a general web search?
A. Human indexers can provide more precise and contextually relevant terms.
B. General web searches do not contain historical information.
C. Human indexers are faster than web crawlers.
D. Web search results are always biased.
A. Human indexers can provide more precise and contextually relevant terms.
An AI is tasked with creating an abstract of a legal document. What is the most significant risk?
A. The abstract will be too long.
B. The AI will use informal language.
C. Misinterpretation of a critical legal clause, leading to an inaccurate summary.
D. The AI will refuse to process the document due to privacy concerns.
C. Misinterpretation of a critical legal clause, leading to an inaccurate summary.
The concept of "Linked Data" is most closely associated with which trend?
A. User-generated tagging
B. Automated keyword extraction
C. Abstractive summarization
D. The Semantic Web
D. The Semantic Web
Evaluating the "prospects" of I&A, which future development holds the most promise for overcoming language barriers in global research collaboration?
A. More advanced folksonomies
B. Better human-in-the-loop interfaces
C. Stricter controlled vocabularies
D. Real-time cross-lingual retrieval and abstractive summarization
D. Real-time cross-lingual retrieval and abstractive summarization
Considering the problems of automated systems, the ethical issue of "algorithmic bias" is most likely to occur when:
A. An AI indexing tool, trained predominantly on texts from one culture, inaccurately or unfairly categorizes content from another culture.
B. An extractive summary is shorter than an abstractive one.
C. A user tags an image with an incorrect keyword in a folksonomy.
D. A database uses a controlled vocabulary that is updated annually.
A. An AI indexing tool, trained predominantly on texts from one culture, inaccurately or unfairly categorizes content from another culture.
Synthesize the relationship between information overload and the rise of automated I&A services.
A. Automated I&A services are the primary cause of information overload.
B. Information overload has made automated I&A services irrelevant, as they cannot keep up.
C. The massive scale of information overload necessitates the use of automated I&A services as the only feasible solution for processing content.
D. There is no significant relationship between the two concepts.
C. The massive scale of information overload necessitates the use of automated I&A services as the only feasible solution for processing content.
A new scholarly database claims its superiority is based on its "abstractive summarization" feature. What does this imply about its capabilities compared to a competitor that uses "extractive summarization"?
A. It finds more keywords in the text.
B. It can synthesize information and generate novel, human-like summaries.
C. It relies solely on a controlled vocabulary for its summaries.
D. It is guaranteed to be 100% accurate.
B. It can synthesize information and generate novel, human-like summaries.