INTRACRANIAL REGULATION
Brain tissue, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What are the three components of intracranial regulation?
5-15 mmHg
What is the normal range for ICP?
This type of seizure begins in one side of the brain
What is focal seizures?
This type of injury is a temporary disruption of brain function
What is Concussion?
To remove a blood clot and restore blood flow to the brain
What is the purpose of a thrombectomy?
Cerebral autoregulation
Which mechanism helps maintain cerebral blood when blood pressure changes?
Elevate HOB 30 degrees with head midline
Name one positioning intervention to decrease ICP
Ensure airway safety and protect the patient from injury
What is the priority intervention during a seizure?
Glasgow Coma Scale
What neurologic tool is used to assess LOC?
Patient must receive education about this medication after a thrombectomy, and report any sudden neurologic changes, and follow up for it to prevent clots
What is antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy?
Changes in level of consciousness
Name one early signs of impaired intracranial regulation
Increased systolic BP, widened pulse, bradycardia, irregular respirations
What is Cushing's triad?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Which diagnostic test is most useful for identifying seizure activity?
Epidural hematoma
What type of brain bleed is often as a "lucid interval" followed by rapid decline
This stroke is treated with thrombectomy
How is treated a complicated ischemic stroke caused by a large vessel occlusion?
It causes vasoconsctriction from decreased PaCO2 reducing cerebral blood volume
Why does hyperventilation temporarily lower ICP?
They can cause cerebral edema by shifting fluid into brain cells
Why should hypotonic IV solutions be avoided in patients with increased ICP?
Keep suction and oxygen at bedside, pad side rails, and ensure IV access
What is the main nursing precaution for patients on seizure precautions?
They can mask changes in neurological status
Why should narcotics be used cautiously in TBI patients?
This is the critical time window from symptom onset during which thrombectomy provides the best outcomes
What is 6 hours?
CT scan
What diagnostic test is considered the gols standard for assessing intracranial regulation?
A patient with ICCP should avoid this common activity because it raises inthathoracic pressure, causing increased in ICP
What is coughing, straining, or Valsalva maneuver?
Serum phenytoin levels to avoid toxicity
What lab should be monitored in a patient with epilepsy receiving phenytoin?
Check for glucose
What to do when a patient with severe TBI has clear fluid draining from nose or ears?
After a thrombectomy, the nurse notices the patient has a sudden severe headache, nausea, and decreased LOC. This complication should be suspected
What is intracranial hemorrhage?