Skin Cancer
Most common type of skin cancer in the US. Has pearly nodules
What is basal cell carcinoma?
This tool in provided picture is used to perform what type of diagnostic test? (Be specific)
What is a punch biopsy?
The D and E stand for these two things in the ‘ABCDE’ Mole identification mnemonic
This is the preferred treatment for small, low-risk BCC or SCC
What are curettage and electrodessication, or freezing with liquid nitrogen following curettage
This is the type of sensation Merkel cells are responsible for
What is light touch/pressure?
Skin cancer arising from keratinocytes and often developing from actinic keratoses
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma typically displays this pattern on histology
What is nuclear palisading? (elongated cells or their nuclei arranged in neat, parallel rows)
What is a vesicle?
Name 2 anti PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that are often used first line therapies for advanced and metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma.
What are avelumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, retifanlimab. (Immune checkpoint inhibitors)
Merkel cells are located in this specific layer of the skin
What is the basal layer of the epidermis?
These two risk factors increase the likelihood of Merkel cell carcinoma more than previous melanoma does
What are immunosuppression and advanced age?
Patient with a scaly, non-healing lesion on lower lip is most likely to have this type of skin cancer
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
True or false: Merkel cell carcinoma lesions are typically itchy, mobile, and bleed easily?
What is False, they are painless, firm, and non-itchy.
When is radiation therapy typically used in Merkel cell carcinoma or SCC?
As an adjuvant therapy after surgery or for local control.
Name the two types of skin mechanoreceptors outside of merkel cells and what they both are responsible for
What are Meissner’s and Pacinian corpuscles. Meissner’s = light touch and low-frequency vibrations, Pacinian = onion that senses deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations
A patient with a rapidly growing, violaceous nodule that tests negative for MCPyV most likely got this nodule because of what mutations and environmental factors
What is UV-induced MCC with likely RB1 and TP53 mutations.
This is a key marker often used to confirm melanoma
What is S100?
These are 4 shapes dermatological lesions often present in:
What is annular, circinate, linear, targetoid, serpiginous, reticulated, hepitiform, zosteriform, grouped, concentric, etc.
This is the reason chemotherapy is rarely used first line in MCC and melanoma
Has a short lived response and there is better durability from immunotherapy and surgical removal.
A lesion that invades cutaneous nerves may cause which symptom due to nerve disruption
What is paresthesia (altered sensation/pain)
This type of skin cancer is most frequently associated with perineural invasion and can lead to numbness, tingling, pain, etc.
What is Squamous cell carcinoma? This is a rare occurrence, but you picked the 500 point question so it is what it is.
What is teh name of a pigmented Lesion showing atypical melanocytes extending beyond the dermal epidermal junction, and what is the name of the measurement used to assess prognosis.
What is melanoma/invasive melanoma, and Breslow Depth = tumor thickness in mm
This is the description of the steps for a full-body skin exam in a clinical setting, listing at least three critical steps
What is good lighting, systematic head-to-toe inspection, including nails, scalp, soles, mucosa, and in between toes and fingers with dermatoscope if needed. What is also being in a good mood, smiling, offering a drape, washing hands, greeting as a 2nd year NSU MD student, getting name date of birth, etc.
In melanoma, what surgical margin is recommended for an invasive lesion with a depth of 1-2 mm?
What is a 1-2 cm surgical margin?
Neuroendocrine tumors such as MCC commonly arise in what other bodily organ systems? (Name 2)
What are the GI tract, lungs, and pancreas.