Epidemiology & Disaster
What are the three parts of the Epidemiology Triangle?
what are Agent, Host, Environment
What must you always do before making a home visit
What is call ahead
What are groups that have a common characteristic
what are Aggregates
Who is known as the “Mother of Nursing”?
Florence Nightingale
What is ethnocentrism?
Belief that one's culture is superior
________ immunity is protection due to the immunity of most community members. Give an example
What is herd immunity. ex: flu vaccine
What does “homebound” mean in Medicare eligibility?
Difficult to leave home without help
What are the main roles of a school nurse?
Direct caregiver, case manager, consultant, educator, outreach, researcher
Who promoted nursing practice as a profession independent of direct medical direction
Lilian Wald
Give two examples of culturally sensitive communication.
Address by last name, avoid assumptions, use preferred language
What are the four triage tag colors and what do they mean?
Red=Immediate, Yellow=Delayed, Green=Minor, Black=Expectant
refers to the needs of the client that are accomplished through the professional abilities of RNs or their supervised designee
what is skilled needs
What group of clients seek health care late in the course of illness and deteriorates more quickly than other clients? ?
Who are the homeless population
hat is the difference between community-oriented vs. community-based nursing?
Oriented=community focus; Based=individual/family care
What is cultural competence?
being open to others ideas and ways of life. Respecting and adapting to cultural differences in care
What is herd immunity, and why is it important?
Protection when most are immune, preventing spread
What environmental hazards should a nurse check for in the client’s home?
Loose rugs, oxygen safety, lighting, bathroom safety
What are some barriers faced by seasonal and migratory workers?
Language, income, housing, transportation
Which nurse founded the Frontier Nursing Service and focused on maternal care?
Mary Breckenridge
List two ethical guidelines nurses must follow.
Nurse Practice Act, Patients’ Bill of Rights, Standards of Practice
List the stages of the disaster management cycle
Prevention, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Evaluation
Which client should be prioritized first? (Give a scenario question)
68-year-old female with COPD, on 2L O₂ via nasal cannula at home. When nurse arrives, patient is sitting upright, using pursed-lip breathing, reports shortness of breath and O₂ sat = 84%
55-year-old male, post-operative wound care following abdominal surgery. Patient reports increased pain (8/10), wound looks red and warm with purulent drainage.
40-year-old female with diabetes (Type 2), obesity, lives alone. Blood glucose log shows frequent highs (200–250 mg/dL). She admits poor diet choices and missing insulin doses. 82-year-old male, post-stroke with right-sided weakness, on anticoagulant. Daughter reports patient almost slipped in the bathroom yesterday. He has an unsteady gait with a cane. Medications not well organized.
Scenario 2 (COPD, O₂ sat 84%) → HIGHEST PRIORITY
Immediate threat to life (airway/breathing). Must stabilize before anything else.
Scenario 3 (Post-op wound, possible infection + severe pain)
Risk of sepsis and pain management needed. Needs urgent intervention after breathing is stabilized.
Scenario 1 (Stroke patient, fall risk + anticoagulant use)
Safety issue. Falls could be life-threatening due to bleed risk, but not as urgent as respiratory distress or infection.
Scenario 4 (Diabetes poor control)
Chronic issue. Important, but not urgent compared to acute problems above.
What constitutional right was given to prisoners in 1976?
Right to basic health care (8th Amendment)
Name three determinants of health that affect communities.
education, housing, nutrition, income, genetics
what should you do when caring for a client from a culture you know little about?
Ask respectfully, incorporate client’s beliefs, avoid assumptions