1.1 - 1.2
John Locke
who believed national laws should govern society and that the governed should consent to the government
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay. A strong federal government will prevent factions (splinter/interest groups) from overpowering the country.
what are Federalists
Bi-Cameral Legislature: Senate (2 per state) & House of Representatives (based on state population.)
what was the great compromise
1. Legislative - 100 Senators, 435 House of reps, Makes the laws
2. Executive- President + VP + Cabinet, Federal Agencies, Carries out the nation’s laws
3. judicial - SCOTUS, Lower Appeals Courts, trial courts, Practices Judicial Review
what are the 3 branches
Enumerated powers: (tax, raise an army, borrow $$, postal system, immigration processes, etc.)
Commerce Clause: Congress regulates international & interstate
Elastic Clause: IMPLIED- or necessary and proper, but not listed- powers
what is article 1 section 8 about
1. Citizens of sovereign states elects leaders for a limited time who make & execute the laws. 2. Government where people entrust elected officials to act in their best interest.
what is 1. republicanism and 2. representative democracy
Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson. A strong federal government will trample peoples liberties and lead to tyranny.
what is antifedaralist
Electing a president through states, who decide how to choose electors (# of electors = a state’s number of members in Congress)
what does an electoral college do
Branches of Govt with distinct responsibilities and limitations. vetos, consent, impeachment
what is seperation of powers/ checks and balances
In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
what is mcculoch vs maryland
Provided moral and legal justification for rebellion. Explained natural rights and emphasized limited government.
what did the declaration of independence do
A “League of Friendship” among the states. 13 Articles- States are sovereign; One federal branch- Congress, had minimal powers.
what is articles of confederation
Gave Congress the power to regulate trade between states and set tariffs on imports (but not exports).
what did the commerce clause do
the separation of powers, the federal structure of government and the maintenance of checks and balances by "opposite and rival interests" within the national government.
what is federalist no 51
Defined & increased the power of the Fed. Gov over the states: (esp. taxing and commerce).
Congress has the power to legislate on health, safety, and crime (ie- a business couldn’t trade goods to another state if produced by a child)
what is supreme court and commerce clause
written by grand committee. Introduced checks and balances, representative republic and Sovreign states.
what was the US Constitution
Impoverished farmers in Massachusetts rebelled against state taxes; demonstrated that a weak federal government didn’t work.
what is shays rebellion
fixed the issues of the confederation. article 1- legislative branch, forms and powers of congress. article 2- executive branch, president, electoral college
What is the constitution of the U.S
The sharing of powers between the national government and state governments. national power is above states, but is limited by enumerated powers
what is federalism and supremacy clause.
the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones.
what is US V LOPEZ
participatory (ppl vote directly, citizens broad involvement), pluralist (Ppl with varying interests create groups to influence policy making) and elite (Elected reps act as trustees for voters).
what are the 3 forms of representative democracy
- Inability to tax.
- No national court system, currency, nor military.
- No regulation between states (esp. commerce).
- Each state casts one vote, regardless of population
what are the Problems with articles of confederation
USA PATRIOT ACT and EDUCATION Programs
what is balancing Order and Liberty over time
CATEGORICAL - Grant money that comes with “strings” (most common)
BLOCK - Broad grants to states without strings (not very common)
MANDATES - Money for states to comply with federal mandates (sometimes unfunded)
what are the types of federal grants
States used their police powers to ban marijuana
starting in 1910. Marijuana was criminalized by Congress in the 1930’s due to propaganda films.
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT (1970): Federal law with harsh punishments; marijuana was categorized with heroin, cocaine, etc.
What is an example of order v liberty