Teaching guidelines about psychosis & Extrapyramidal side effects
Side effects of antipsychotics that interfere with normal movement.
What are extrapyramidal side effects/ extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
Common manifestations of schizophrenia that are “added to” instead of an absence.
What are positive symptoms?
Abruptly stopping antipsychotics after taking them for a long period of time can cause this complication. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, gastritis, headache, tachycardia, insomnia, and tremulousness.
What is discontinuation syndrome?
Because of these side effects, patients should use caution when driving.
What are dizziness and drowsiness?
The AIMS scale is short for.
What is Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale?
Experiencing extreme amounts of this can cause exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms and higher rates of relapse.
What is stress?
This positive symptom of schizophrenia consists of false sensory perceptions that are not related to real external stimuli. They can involve any of the five senses.
What are hallucinations?
This group of antipsychotics is considered the first-line treatment for schizophrenia.
What are atypical or second-generation antipsychotics?
Patients should be educated about use of sunscreen and protective clothing when exposed to the sun because of this side effect.
What is increased photosensitivity?
Paranoid delusions can cause a person to think that people are out to get them, which can lead to the person believing that they need to defend themselves. This can cause them to become violent or aggressive. These are some of the many de-escalation techniques that can be applied in these situations.
What are relaxation techniques, reduce stimulation and loud noise, reduction in demands, verbal redirection and limit setting, distract with a more positive activity, and offering prn medications?
This is used alongside medications to treat schizophrenia.
What are cognitive and psychotherapies?
Delusions are a common symptom of schizophrenia. These are some of the many subtypes of delusions.
What are persecutory/paranoid, grandiose, somatic, nihilistic, erotomaniac, and jealous?
This group of antipsychotics has the highest chance of producing extrapyramidal side effects.
What are typical or first-generation antipsychotics?
The FDA requires all antipsychotics to have this warning on packaging due to the increased risk of stroke and death.
What is black box warning or boxed warning?
Schizophrenia can be a very isolating illness. Difficulty with interpersonal relationships and communication are large contributing factors. This treatment focuses on helping people cope and improve their interactions with others.
What is social skills training?
Pseudoparkinsonism is an extrapyramidal side that includes symptoms of tremors, shuffling gait, drooling, and rigidity. These symptoms typically appear within this timeframe after starting antipsychotics.
What is 1-5 days (within the first week)?
The seven areas of cognitive dysfunction that are typically seen with schizophrenia.
What are working memory, attention, speed of processing thoughts, verbal learning, and substantial deficit in reasoning, abstract thinking, and problem-solving?
While antipsychotics are primarily used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, a select few are approved to treat mania associated with this disorder.
What is bipolar?
Patients should inform their provider if they smoke before starting antipsychotics because of this interaction.
What is increased metabolism of antipsychotics?
This nursing intervention focuses on building a therapeutic relationship with patients experiencing paranoia.
What is passive communication?
Dystonia is an extrapyramidal side effect that consists of involuntary muscle spasms in the face, arms, legs, and neck. This side effect is treated as an emergency because of this potential complication.
What is laryngospasm?
This negative symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by the lack of awareness of having an illness or disorder even when symptoms are obvious to others. This is considered the most common predictor of noncompliance with treatment.
What is anosognosia?
Both first- and second-generation antipsychotics are antagonists of receptors for this neurotransmitter.
What is dopamine?
The FDA requires strict blood count monitoring while patients are taking the antipsychotic clozapine (Clozaril), due to this potentially fatal blood disorder that causes neutropenia.
What is agranulocytosis?
AIMS is used to measure the involuntary movements that are a result of this extrapyramidal side effect.
What is tardive dyskinesia?