Inca Expansion & Conquest
According to Document A, what was the main way the Inca expanded their empire?
A. Trade and alliances
B. Building canals and farms
C. Military conquest and war
D. Religious ceremonies
C. Military conquest and war
What does the word “Inca” mean?
A. God
B. Farmer
C. Ruler
D. Messenger
C. Ruler
(Doc A)
What was the mita (forced labor system) in the Inca Empire?
A. A tax paid with gold
B. A system of working for the state for part of the year
C. A rule requiring military service for women
D. A punishment for disloyal nobles
B. A system of working for the state for part of the year
(Doc B)
Who was Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, and why might he have been biased?
A. A Spanish captain writing to show Spanish superiority
B. An Inca noble writing to honor Pachacuti
C. A priest writing to defend Native Americans
D. A farmer writing about his land
A. A Spanish captain writing to show Spanish superiority
Which documents were written closer to the time of the Inca Empire?
A. Documents B and D
B. Documents C and D
C. Documents A and B
D. Documents A and C
A. Documents B and D
(Doc A)
Who were the three rulers that expanded the Inca Empire after Pachacuti?
A. Tocay Capac, Atahualpa, Huáscar
B. Topa Inca Yupanqui, Huayna Capac, Pachacuti
C. Topa Inca Yupanqui, Huayna Capac, Atahualpa
D. Tupac Amaru, Manco Inca, Huáscar
B. Topa Inca Yupanqui, Huayna Capac, Pachacuti
(Doc C)
How did Topa Inca Yupanqui show leadership in keeping roads and bridges maintained?
A. He built a new capital city.
B. He ordered that royal roads and bridges be kept in good repair.
C. He destroyed old paths and built canals.
D. He forced leaders to move to Cusco.
B. He ordered that royal roads and bridges be kept in good repair.
(Doc C)
How did monthly festivals support the labor tax system?
A. They rewarded workers with food and recognition.
B. They forced workers to fight battles.
C. They required workers to pay taxes in silver.
D. They trained workers to become priests.
A. They rewarded workers with food and recognition.
(Doc D)
Who was Garcilaso de la Vega, and why might his background affect his account?
A. A Spanish soldier who wanted to destroy the Incas
B. A Spanish-Inca writer who loved his homeland and wanted to honor it
C. A priest who only cared about religion
D. A noble who wrote only about canals
B. A Spanish-Inca writer who loved his homeland and wanted to honor it
Which source describes the Inca as cruel conquerors?
A. Document A
B. Document B (Sarmiento)
C. Document C
D. Document D
B. Document B (Sarmiento)
(Doc B)
According to Sarmiento, why did Pachacuti attack the Ayarmacas?
A. They refused to pay homage to the Inca.
B. They planned to join the Spanish.
C. They destroyed Inca canals.
D. They wanted to trade only with the Amazon.
A. They refused to pay homage to the Inca.
(Doc A)
Why did Pachacuti take the children of local leaders to Cusco?
A. To work as laborers
B. To train them as soldiers
C. To hold them hostage and teach them Inca ways
D. To make them translators for the army
C. To hold them hostage and teach them Inca ways
(Doc A)
Why did the Inca move workers from one part of the country to another?
A. To punish them for rebellion
B. To spread the Quechua language
C. To take part in building projects where needed
D. To force them to serve in the army
C. To take part in building projects where needed
(Doc C)
Guamán Poma wrote his history in 1615, long after Topa Inca lived. How does this affect reliability?
A. It makes it completely true.
B. It may be less reliable because it was written long after events occurred.
C. It is more reliable because it is a primary source.
D. It is unreliable because it was written in Cusco.
B. It may be less reliable because it was written long after events occurred.
Which source describes the Inca as wise rulers who improved daily life?
A. Document A
B. Document B
C. Document C
D. Document D
D. Document D
(Doc A)
How did the Inca use language and education to control conquered territories?
A. They forced all subjects to speak Spanish.
B. They instructed people in Quechua and educated leaders’ children in Cusco.
C. They banned the use of writing and quipus.
D. They required all priests to teach Inca history.
B. They instructed people in Quechua and educated leaders’ children in Cusco.
(Doc C)
Based on Guamán Poma’s description, what personal qualities made Topa Inca Yupanqui respected?
A.He was handsome, wise, formal, and valued honesty.
B. He was lazy but clever.
C. He was ruthless and cruel.
D. He avoided festivals and punishments.
A.He was handsome, wise, formal, and valued honesty.
(Doc C)
How were productive workers rewarded during celebrations?
A. They were given land.
B. They were recognized for their service.
C. They were made governors.
D. They were freed from labor tax.
B. They were recognized for their service.
(Doc B)
Why might Sarmiento’s purpose of supporting Spanish rule influence how he described the Inca?
A. He wanted to show the Inca were rightful rulers.
B. He wanted to describe Inca farming successes.
C. He wanted to portray the Inca as cruel to justify Spanish conquest.
D. He wanted to defend Inca religion.
C. He wanted to portray the Inca as cruel to justify Spanish conquest.
How does the textbook account differ from Sarmiento’s account?
A. The textbook describes both force and other methods, while Sarmiento emphasizes destruction.
B. The textbook only praises the Inca, while Sarmiento only praises them.
C. Both describe only farming methods.
D. Both accounts are identical.
A. The textbook describes both force and other methods, while Sarmiento emphasizes destruction.
(Docs A-D)
Which two documents describe Inca expansion differently—through war vs. through improving life?
A. Document A (Textbook) and Document B (Sarmiento)
B. Document B (Sarmiento) and Document D (Garcilaso de la Vega)
C. Document C (Guamán Poma) and Document D (Garcilaso de la Vega)
D. Document A (Textbook) and Document D (Garcilaso de la Vega)
B. Document B (Sarmiento) and Document D (Garcilaso de la Vega)
(Docs A & C)
Compare how Pachacuti and Topa Inca Yupanqui are portrayed differently in the documents.
A. Pachacuti is shown as cruel, while Topa Inca is weak.
B. Pachacuti is shown as a conqueror, while Topa Inca is shown as a wise ruler and organizer.
C. Both are described only as warriors.
D. Both are described as farmers.
B. Pachacuti is shown as a conqueror, while Topa Inca is shown as a wise ruler and organizer.
(Doc D)
How does Garcilaso de la Vega’s description of canals show that the Inca used labor to benefit their people?
A. Labor built canals that provided more water for farming and reduced drought.
B. Labor was used only for building temples.
C. Labor created armies instead of crops.
D. Labor was wasted on projects that failed.
A. Labor built canals that provided more water for farming and reduced drought.
(Docs A–D)
Which source do you think is most reliable for learning about the Inca?
A. Document A (Textbook) – modern historian
B. Document B (Sarmiento) – Spanish captain
C. Document C (Guamán Poma) – Inca noble’s perspective
D. Document D (Garcilaso de la Vega) – Inca-Spanish writer
A. Document A (Textbook) – modern historian
How could using multiple sources give us a better understanding of the Inca than relying on just one?
A. One source alone may be biased, but comparing sources shows different perspectives.
B. It confuses students.
C. It makes history unreliable.
D. It makes Spanish sources unnecessary.
A. One source alone may be biased, but comparing sources shows different perspectives.