Song China
This Song innovation helped expand trade by reducing the need to carry heavy coins
paper money
This technological innovation, originally from China, was improved by Muslims for Indian Ocean trade
compass
This religion remained dominant in South Asia despite the spread of Islam
Hinduism
This West African empire peaked under the rule of Mansa Musa
Mali
This decentralized political and social system dominated medieval Europe
Feudalism
This Mesoamerican empire ruled from its capital, Tenochtitlan
Aztecs
During the Song Dynasty, this East Asian philosophy reinforced social hierarchies such as filial piety
Confucianism
This Islamic caliphate, based in Baghdad, declined after the Mongol invasions in the 13th century
Abbasid Caliphate
Created by the Mamluks, this state expanded Islamic power in India
Delhi Sultanate
This resource was traded across the Sahara and was as valuable as gold
salt
This institution was the most powerful unifying force in medieval Europe
The Catholic Church
This Mesoamerican civilization created a complex calendar system used to track religious and agricultural cycles
The Maya
This fast-ripening crop, imported from Vietnam, doubled the food supply in Song China
Champa Rice
This Baghdad institution housed libraries and scholars, preserving and expanding knowledge from across Afro-Eurasia
The House of Wisdom
This Hundu devotional movement emphasized personal devotion to gods as a way to achieving spiritual unity
Bhakti Movement
This city became a major center of trade and Islamic learning under Mali
Timbuktu
In Europe, this economic and social system focused on the relationship between a lord and knights/peasants
Manorialism
This empire used terrace farming and a system of roads to unify a large and diverse region
Song officials were chosen through this system of merit
Civil Service Exam
This practice required non-Muslims in Islamic empires to pay a special tax, allowing them to practice their religion under Muslim rule
This Cambodian temple complex illustrates both Hindu and Buddhist influence
Angkor Wat
These city-states along Africa's coast thrived on Indian Ocean trade
Swahili city-states
This series of wars beginning in 1096 connected Europe more directly to the Muslim world
This agricultural innovation allowed the Aztecs to create fertile land on lakes for crops
Chinampas
This system required neighboring states to offer gifts and acknowledge Chinese superiority in exchange for trading rights
Tributary System
This Moroccan travel and scholar journeyed across the Islamic world in the 14th century, documenting diverse societies and Islamic practices
Ibn Battuta
These Islamic mystics emphasized a personal, devotional connection to God and helped spread Islam into South and Southeast Asia
Sufis
This culture blended Bantu, Arab, and Islamic traditions in language, architecture, and religion, exemplifying cultural syncretism
Swahili
the Magna Carta
This Inca labor system required state service from subjects
Mit'a System