The Five I’s
What is inoculation?
This step introduces microbes into media for culture
What is the objective lens?
This type of lens is placed closest to the specimen in a compound microscope.
What does negative staining use?
A negatively charged dye like India ink
What are plasmids?
These small, circular pieces of DNA in bacteria often carry genes for antibiotic resistance.
What are endospores?
These dormant, resting structures help bacteria survive harsh conditions
What is incubation?
The step where microbes are kept at controlled temperature and gases.
What does fluorescence microscopy use?
This type of microscopy uses fluorescent dyes
Example of selective media?
EMB agar is this type of media because it inhibits Gram-positives.
What is peptidoglycan?
This molecule makes up bacterial cell walls but is absent in archaea.
What is Pilli
long rigid tubular structure made of pillin protein
What is isolation?
The process of separating one species from another to create a pure culture.
What is dark-field microscope?
This type of microscopy produces a brightly lit specimen against a dark background.
What is a simple stain?
A stain that uses only one dye
What is mycolic acid?
This waxy substance in Mycobacterium cell walls makes them resistant to staining and desiccation.
What are fimbriae?
These bacterial appendages are used for attachment, not movement.
What is inspection?
This step uses tools like microscopes and stains to inspect microbes.
What is TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)?
This electron microscope sends electrons through a thin specimen to show internal details.
Example of differential stain?
The Gram stain
Which cell wall is thick and strong?
Gram-positive bacteria cell walls
What is 70S?
The bacterial ribosome is this size,
What is identification?
The final “I” where collected data determines the type of microbe.
What does confocal microscopy use?
This microscopy technique uses a laser beam to scan depth in a specimen.
What is liquid medium (broth)?
A nutrient solution that flows freely and does not solidify is called this.
What is Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology?
The manual based on rRNA sequencing that classifies bacteria and archaea.
What is the capsule (glycocalyx)?
This structure protects bacteria from being engulfed by host immune cells