Overview & Epithelial tissue
What do all tissues develop from, and what are the layers of this?
What is embryonic germ layers including ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
What defines the function of connective tissue, and what are the components of it?
The extracellular matrix, made up of ground substance and protein fibers
What are muscle cells called?
What are myocytes
In the structure of a neuron, what structure is branch like projections that receive signals from other neurons?
Dendrites
What is histamine and what type of cell is it released by?
It is a type of chemical released by mast cells that trigger immune reponses and vasodilation
What are the two types of tissue membranes
What is epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes
What type of resident cells in connective tissue build fibers and the ECM
fibroblasts
What are the types of muscle tissue and where is each found?
Skeletal muscle (attached to bones) , cardiac muscle (heart wall), smooth muscle (walls of hollow organs)
What are the 3 neuroglia cell types?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
what are cytokines and what are their purpose?
Signal molecules that initiate the immune response
Why do epithelial tissues have to get nutrients and oxygen from underlying connective tissue?
Epithelial tissues are avascular, meaning they do not have blood vessels
What does all connective tissue develop from and what is it?
What is mesenchyme, an embryonic tissue made of unspecialized cells in loose ECM
What are the characteristics of each type of muscle tissue?
Skeletal (voluntary, striated), cardiac (involuntary, striated), smooth (involuntary, non-striated)
What is myelin and what is the purpose?
An insulating layer around axons that speed electrial signal conduction
What type of cell assists with clotting?
What is a platelet
What are the three types of cell junctions we talked about, and what are the purposes of cell junctions?
Tight junction (sealing), anchoring junction (mechanical strength), gap junctions (communication channels)
What are the 3 main groups of connective tissues
Connective tissue proper, supportive connective tissue, fluid connective tissue
In fluid connective tissue, what is the proper name for red blood cells? white blood cells?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes
In neuron structure, what structure is a long extension that sends signals away from the cell to other neurons
Axons
Why is brain damage usually permanent?
Neurons do not divide, therefore, damage to the brain that causes loss of neurons cannot replenish
What determines epithelial tissue function and what types are there?
Cell shape and layer number. Cell shape can be Squamous, cuboidal, columnar. Cell number can be simple, stratified, pseudostratified, transitional
What are the three types of cartilage discussed in class?
what are the two types of bone?
Compact and cancellous
What is the ratio of neuroglia to neurons?
10:1
Why do tissues not heal as well as we age?
Atrophy is tissue shrinkage caused by age, disease or reduced blood supply, which leads to slower healing and higher risk of injury