Ch.14
After a meal, which of these would be the correct response from the nervous system?
Increased heart rate
Decreased digestive enzyme
Decrease in saliva production
Increased peristalsis
Increased peristalsis
How do steroid hormones typically enter their target cells?
Crossing the membrane to an intracellular receptor activating secondary messengers
Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate
Skeletal muscle
What is the primary reason steroid hormones have a long half life compared to peptide hormones?
They are traveling through the blood bound to trasnport protiens (albumin) and they also bind to intracellular receptors reducing its rate of degradation
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of dual innervation by the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems?
The heart rate increases when running and decreases when resting
The digestive system increases enzyme secretions during stress
The pupils constrict in bright light and dilate in dim light
The respiratory rate increases during sleep and decreases when exercising
The heart rate increases when running and decreases when resting
How do hydrophillic hormones travel through the blood stream?
Dissolve directly into the blood and travel
Receptors that bind NorEpi and Epi are known as ?
Adrenergic receptors
A patient with pancreatic cancer has a tumor affecting the alpha cells of the pancreas. Which hormone secretion is most likely impaired in this patient?
Glucagon
T or F: The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate and promotes digestion
True
What is the common secondary messenger and what enzymes facilitates the reaction for it?
As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake?
SNS
During the process of thyroid hormone synthesis, iodine is incorporated into which molecule?
Thyroglobulin
How does the nervous system interacts with the endocrine system during a stress response?
The nervous system causes the adrenal medulla to release Epi
What is the primary effect of up-regulation in hormone receptors
Increases the sensitivity of a target cells to a hormone
What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common?
Both of them are divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Aldosterone is released in response to low sodium levels, low blood pressure, or high potassium levels. Which of the organ or system does aldosterone primarily affect to restore balance?
Kidneys specifically the kidney tubules
What isthe effect of beta blockers on the body?
A patient taking beta blockers has reduced heart rate, blood pressure, even during stressful situations
If a target cell is exposed to high levels of a particular hormone for an extended period, what is the likely result?
Down regulation of the receptors on the cell surface.
Gene's parachute did not open when he jumped out of the airplane. He injured his back in the thoracic and lumbar regions, damaging the autonomic ganglia found close to his spinal cord. What neurons did he likely damage?
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
A patient presents with weight gain, cold intolerance, and fatigue. Blood tests show low levels of T3 and T4 but normal levels of TSH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypothyroidism due to thyroid gland dysfunction