wild card stuff
Specialized cells in sponges
Choanocytes- create water. (ch, choppy water)
Pinacocytes- Eat larger particles (like pinacolada, we eat)
porocytes- form otosis (pores), water(sponges)
Amoebocytes- transportcytes, differetiate, produce spicules
define active and passive transport
Active- Starts low concentration to high concentration (think you go for a run, heart rate starts low, gets high)
passive- High concentration, ends low. (think perfume, starts high concentration in bottle, ends low in room)
What is the function of the SMOOTH ER
Synthesizes lipids
What are the four types of specialized cells?
Choanocytes (filter food and water, think chow down), Pinacocytes (regulate water flow, think pina colada), Porocytes( form pores), Amoebocytes (transporting waste ameoba cells)
What is step one of cellular respiration?
Glycosis:
Glucose (C6H12O6), a six-carbon sugar, is
broken into two molecules of pyruvate. 2 steps, energy investment(the initial step in breaking down glucose that requires an expenditure of energy, using two ATP molecules), and energy releasing (glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules,
4 types of macromolecules and what they consist of
Carbohydrates- monosaccharides,glycoside bonds
lipids- fatty acids, ester linkage
protein-amino acids, peptides
nucleic acid- DNA, RNA, Nucleitoides
What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?
Anabolic builds up reactions, catabolic breaks down.
How does the rough ER compare to the smooth er?
- Synthesize different things
- Rough synthesizes protein
Which type of symmetry do sponges have?
Asymmetrical (no shape)
what is osmosis?
Solute more concentrated on one
side of the plasma membrane BUT
the solute cannot cross the
membrane
Water diffuses to dilute solute
concentration
Moves towards higher solute conc.
What are the two types of asexual reproduction!
Budding and fragmentation
membranes are consisted of ____ heads and _____ tails
Hydrophillic and hydrophobic
the golgi apparatus....
packages sorts and distributes proteins and lipids
What type of reproduction do sponges do, and what is it called?
Asexual, budding and fragmentation
What is a neutral PH?
What are bufferes?
1. 7
2. a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components
Permeability depends on....
Size and charge
The plasma membrane can be described as...
Fluid and semi-permiable
What is the mitochondria?
Produces ATP and provides energy for the cell"
what is the process of "cellular transport"
A cell takes in and expels
substances across its plasma
membrane
What are acids and bases?
Acids have more H+, bases have more OH-
What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
they regulate temperature and fluidity of the plasma membrane
what is cytoplasm?
The contents between the nucleus and all the membranes. consisted of phospholipid bilayer
Explain which organelles are involved in the process of protein synthesis in the cell?
the nucleus, ribosomes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum , and the Golgi apparatus
What is the role of enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze
or “speed up” chemical reactions
What is the primary role of cellular respiration in living organisms?
a) To create water molecules from carbon dioxide
b) To store energy in the form of glucose
What is the primary role of cellular respiration in living organisms?
a) To create water molecules from carbon dioxide
b) To store energy in the form of glucose
c) To break down food molecules and release energy (ATP)
d) To absorb oxygen from the atmosphere
d) To absorb oxygen from the atmosphere
c) To break down food molecules and release energy (ATP)