Designs
In a cohort study, the direction of inquiry moves in this temporal direction.
What is prospective?
A non-inferiority trial requires this type of pre-specified bound to interpret results.
Non-inferiority margin
A cross-sectional study is limited in establishing this key epidemiologic principle.
What is temporality?
These two trial types require that the control treatment be well-established and effective.
What are non-inferiority and equivalence?
Matching is often used in case-control studies to control for this.
What is a confounding variable?
Non-inferiority trials typically use this analysis approach to avoid biasing results in favor of non-inferiority.
What is intention to treat analysis?
This type of study can assess incidence and risk, but not necessarily causality.
What is a cohort study?
In equivalence trials, if the confidence interval crosses either margin, this conclusion must be made.
What is equivalence cannot be claimed?
In observational studies, this type of bias occurs when exposure and outcome both influence the likelihood of being included in the study.
What is collider bias?
A trial may fail to show superiority not because treatments are equal, but due to this limitation.
What is insufficient power?