Biomolecules
Cells
Viruses
Cellular Transport and Homeostasis
CELL SYSTEMS & FUNCTION
100
Proteins are broken down into these smaller units.
👉 What are amino acids?
100
Cells WITHOUT a nucleus are classified as —
👉 What are prokaryotes?
100
why are viruses considered non living
The lack the ability to reproduce by themselves. they have no nucleus to hold their dna and no ribosomes to create proteins. They also cannot respond to their environment
100
Movement of water across a membrane
👉 What is osmosis?
100
The control center of the cell
👉 What is the nucleus?
200
Chitin is classified as this type of biomolecule.
👉 What is a carbohydrate/polysaccharide?
200
Cells WITH a nucleus are classified as —
👉 What are eukaryotes?
200
Viruses contain this type of genetic material.
👉 What is DNA or RNA?
200
Plant cells placed in saltwater will usually —
👉 What is shrink?
200
The structure that surrounds and protects plant cells
👉 What is the cell wall?
300
Simple sugars are also called —
👉 What are monosaccharides?
300
This structure MOST clearly separates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.
👉 What is a nucleus/nuclear membrane?
300
Explain why antibiotics usually do NOT work against viruses.
Antibiotics target structures or processes in bacteria, but viruses are not cells and reproduce using host cells, so antibiotics are ineffective against them.
300
Why did wilted lettuce swell after rainfall?
👉 What is water entered the cells through osmosis?
300
Ribosomes are responsible for —
👉 What is protein synthesis/making proteins?
400
Which biomolecule stores genetic information?
👉 What are nucleic acids?
400
A unicellular organism contains DNA and ribosomes but lacks a nucleus.
Classify the organism.
👉 What is prokaryotic?
400
Viruses disrupt cells by using this.
👉 What is the host cell’s machinery?
400
Which structure helps maintain homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell?
👉 What is the cell membrane?
400
Why red blood cells need hemoglobin
👉 What is to transport oxygen?
500
Which biomolecule is MOST responsible for catalyzing reactions in cells?
👉 What are proteins/enzymes?
500
Which TWO cells shown would MOST likely be prokaryotic?
#3 and #4
500
A biotechnology company is developing a type of medication that interferes with the infection cycle of the COVID-19 virus. The medication blocks an important enzyme that the COVID-19 virus requires in order to make functional virus particles.
Where should this process take place based on the infection cycle?
Inside the host cell because virus only reproduce in the host
500
Animal and plant cells BOTH obtain energy using this process.
👉 What is cellular respiration?
500
A student identifies a cell as prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus.
What evidence supports this claim?
👉 What is absence of a nucleus?
600
A scientist discovers a molecule made of long chains of amino acids that speed up reactions in a cell.
Identify the biomolecule AND explain its function.
What is a protein? Proteins act as enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in cells.
600
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using:
- nucleus
- organelles
- complexity
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are more complex. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are simpler.
600
What makes a virus specific to the cell it attaches to
The receptors on the virus matching the receptors on the cell
600
Explain why Elodea cells shrink in saltwater using concentration gradients and osmosis.
Saltwater is hypertonic, so water moves out of the Elodea cells by osmosis. As water leaves, the membrane shrinks away from the cell wall.
600
Explain how organelles work together as a system to maintain cell survival.
Organelles perform specialized jobs that support one another. For example, ribosomes make proteins, mitochondria provide energy, and the cell membrane regulates materials entering and leaving the cell.
700
A student says:
“Lipids carry genetic information because they are found in cell membranes.”
Explain why this statement is incorrect and identify the biomolecule responsible for storing genetic information.
👉 What are nucleic acids? Lipids help form membranes, but DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information.
700
A scientist discovers a unicellular organism that:
- contains DNA
- has ribosomes
- lacks a nuclear membrane
- reproduces rapidly
Use evidence to classify the organism and justify your reasoning.
The organism is prokaryotic because it lacks a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotes contain DNA and ribosomes but do not have membrane-bound organelles.
700
A virus enters a host cell and begins producing viral proteins and genetic material.
Explain how this disrupts normal cellular processes and causes disease.
The virus takes over the host cell’s machinery to make viral products instead of normal cell products. This disrupts normal cell function, damages cells, and can lead to disease symptoms.
700
A plant cell is placed in freshwater and becomes firm and swollen.
Explain:
- Why water moved into the cell
- How the cell wall helped maintain homeostasis
- Why the cell did not burst
Water moved into the cell because freshwater has a higher water concentration than the inside of the cell. The cell wall provided support and prevented the cell from bursting while maintaining pressure inside the cell.
700
A mutation prevents ribosomes from functioning properly.
Predict TWO effects this would have on the cell system and explain your reasoning.
The cell would be unable to make proteins needed for structure and function. Enzymes and transport proteins would decrease, disrupting metabolism, communication, and overall homeostasis.