Why Do We Write?
The organizational structure of a paper that has an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
What is the five-paragraph essay?
A genre of writing that presents an individual's meaningful experiences with coming to language and details how they shape their current perspectives or philosophies on literacies.
According to Leigh Ryan and Lisa Zimmerelli, the converstation between a student and consultant at the start of the session is important in order to establish rapport and establish this based on their primary goals.
What is an agenda/appointment game plan?
This tutoring style involves modeling, guiding, or explicitly showing students how they might navigate completing a writing task.
What is directive tutoring?
This term describes a hands-off tutoring style, in which the tutor avoids giving direct answers and instead asks open-ended questions.
What is non-directive tutoring?
John Warner explains that, unlike training wheels, these pedal-less bikes focus on teaching children balance from the start.
What is a balance bike?
Muriel Harris asserts that this is the primary responsibility of a writing center?
What is having one-on-one tutorials interactions/conversations with writers?
Stephen North criticizes the common belief that writing centers are only for students who have "special problems."
What is the remedial or fix-it-shop model?
Jeff Brooks explains that the purpose of the writing center is not to improve the piece of writing, but this.
What is the writer?
Tom Truesdell argues that consultants should not use only directive or non-directive tutoring strategies, but instead do this.
Andrea Lunsford claims that writers invoke these when drawing on what they have read, learned, or experienced before
What is prior knowledge/prior experience?
Writing centers are not intended to duplicate or replace this type of educational setting, says Muriel Harris.
What is the classroom?
While Paula Gillespie and Neal Lerner argue that tutors do not need to be experts in grammar, they should work to become experts in the following (name at least two).
What is prioritizing the areas they should focus on with a student/when a student needs revision vs. editing help/how to have conversations with students/when to extend another consultation invitation/how to have conversations with students?
Jeff Brooks encourages students to sit here in relation to the student to avoid appearing as an authority and taking control of the paper or writing process.
What is beside the student?
Tutors ask questions; on the other hand, editors are more likely to do this.
What is make corrections/give advice or direction without having conversations/read quietly?
Dylan Dryer argues that writing is one of these, like roofs, coats, or cooking pots, that mediate human activity despite feeling invisible due to their long use.
What is a technology?
This term refers to two ways of thinking about communication and language: recognizing linguistic diversity (i.e., meaning can vary across cultural and social contexts) and multimodal communication (written/verbal, auditory, gestural, spatial, and visual).
What are multiliteracies?
Peter Carino critiques this metaphor for associating illness and deficit models with student writing.
What is a clinic?
Tutors are trained to address these bigger-picture types of concerns in a piece of writing first.
What are global concerns?
This technique in a tutoring session helps the student hear their own writing and stay in control of the session.
What is reading aloud?
According to Shirley Rose, writing strategies that work in one context may not be effective in another because writing is not what?
What is "writing in general"?
Nancy Grimm would consider this image to reflect what writing center framework?
What is the skill-and-drill lab?
Stephen North argues that writing centers are based upon these foundational pedagogical principles.
What are process-based writing & student-centered/individualized learning?
Students may default to saying they have this concern about their writing even if there are other issues, which is why it is important for consultants to ask questions and be more directive if necessary.
What is grammar?
Brooks argues that many students do not enjoy writing, leading them to put off writing to the last minute in less ideal circumstances, like distracted or noisy environments.
What is disorganized/unfocused writing?