Primary Emergencies
What does AAAABC stand for?
Area, Awake, Ambulance, Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What are the five vitals?
Pulse, Breathing, Skin, Pupils, LOC (level of consciousness)
What happens in the body during an asthma attack?
Spasms of the muscles in the airway and increased production of mucus.
What is the difference between a heart attack and angina?
Angina is a medically diagnosed condition, and affects blood circulation. A heart attack is a blockage due to a blood clot or plaque.
Which legislation protects you?
The Good Samaritan Legislation
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Signs & Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past Medical History, Last oral intake (meal), Events prior
Demonstrate pursed-lip breathing.
Blow in through the nose and out through the mouth like you're blowing out through a straw.
What happens in the body during shock?
Blood is not going to the body's vital organs (heart, brain etc.).
What are the goals of first aid? (3 "p"s)
Promote recovery
Prevent further injury
Preserve Life
What kind of CPR do we give if we don't have a pocket mask?
Compression only CPR
How often do we re-check vitals?
Every five minutes
Which medication do we use for treatment during asthma?
Inhaler/Puffer
What does WARTS or STRAW stand for?
Warmth, ABCs, Rest and Reassurance, Treatment, Semi-Prone/Semi-Sit (Recovery Position).
What is the standard of care?
What a reasonable with your training would do.
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF/V-Fib)
Where are the three locations on the body we can check pulse?
Describe the treatment for mild and severe obstruction in choking victims.
Are you choking? Can I help you?
Keep coughing. (Mild Obstruction)
Back blows and abdominal thrusts. (Severe Obstruction)
CPR + call EMS (unconscious victim)
What medications are used for Angina and Heart Attack? Which do we never use?
Use: Nitroglycerine tablets or spray (angina). Aspirin (angina or heart attack).
Don't use: Tylenol and Ibuprofen/Advil
What do first aiders do? What do they not do?
Take charge of emergency scenes.
Calm and reassure people.
Protect victims and their belongings.
Take steps to help victims get medical attention.
DO NOT diagnose or provide medical help.
Describe how to check ABCs during a primary emergency.
A - Open airway, visual check
B - Head-tilt-chin lift; Look, Listen, Feel
C - Check for major bleeding
During secondary assessment we check vitals and ask SAMPLE questions. What is our third check?
Head-to-toe
What do we do before delivering breaths during CPR after a choking victim goes unconscious?
Foreign-object check
What are the six different types of burns and what are their different treatments?
1st degree: Cool, clean water
2nd degree: Cool, clean water for 20 mins
3rd degree: Cool, clean water; Call EMS; Bandage
Electrical: No water, bandage entrance and exit wounds; Call EMS
Chemical: Brush and flush
Radiation: Ointment; EMS if heat stroke present
Who is the most important person in a rescue? How can we protect this person?
Barrier devices.
Asking for consent from the victim.