Quantum Numbers
Name the 4 different Quantum Numbers.
Principle, Azimuthal, Magnetic, Spin.
Fill in the blanks:
One cannot simultaneously define the ___________ and the ___________ of an electron.
What is the name of this principle?
Position, momentum.
Heisenberg's principle.
Why are some elements written as their observed configuration instead of their actual configuration?
Because it is more stable for them due to the symmetry.
What is an Orbit?
The circular path that an electron takes around the nucleus.
What is the emission spectra?
The emitted light when atoms absorb energy and then release it.
How to find the Number of electrons in a shell?
2n2
What is the Aufbau principle?
Electrons enter orbitals in order of increasing energy.
Write the electronic configuration of 28Ni (Nickel).
[Ar] 4s2 3d8
What is an orbital?
A region of space outside the nucleus wherein electrons are likely to be found.
Fill in the blanks:
Energy levels ____________ as they successively increase.
Converge
Give the energy of the subshells from L=0 to L=4.
L=1-- P
L=2-- D
L=3-- F
State what is meant by the Pauli exclusion principle.
No 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers.
What is the Bohr Bury rule?
Bohr Bury rule determines the sequence of increasing order of electrons.
Formula- n+l
Give the shapes for all the 4 energy levels- S, P, D, F.
S- Spherically shaped.
P- Dumbbell-shaped.
D- Clover-shaped/ Double dumbbell.
F- No discrete shape.
What is the excited state and the ground state in an electron?
Ground state- When they lose energy to move to a lower energy level.
Excited state- When they absorb energy to move to a higher energy level.
Give all the 4 quantum numbers of Iodine Ar= 53.
n=5
L= 1--p
m= -1,0,+1
s= +1/2(from 1 to 3) -1/2(from 4,5)
State the Hund's rule and what spin will singly occupied subshells contain?
Hund's rule states that at first only 1 electron should occupy space in a subshell, later on, making a pair can be created.
Electrons in singly occupied subshells have the same spin.
Write the electronic configuration for 29Cu.
How are orbitals grouped together?
Orbitals are grouped based on their energies. Different orbitals with different shapes and energies are labeled as S, P, D, and F.
What is the difference between emission spectra and absorption spectra?
An emission spectrum depicts bright lines of light emitted when electrons fall to lower energy levels, while an absorption spectrum consists of dark lines where light is absorbed by electrons moving to higher energy levels.
Give all 4 quantum numbers of 32Ge(Germanium) and state the orientation of the last orbital in space.
n= 4
l= 1
m= -1, 0, +1
s= +1/2 (1,2)
orientation:-
py since it ends in p2
How do electrons travel through wave mechanics?
Electrons don't travel in precise orbits, but in wave functions called orbitals. Therefore, we know that there is a higher chance of locating an electron.
What is meant by Isoelectronic, and give examples.
When the number of electrons in 2 atoms/ molecules are the same.
Eg- Ar and Ca2+
Compare between an Orbit and an Orbital?
Orbits are:
Well-defined circular spaces.
Doesn't obey Heisenberg's principle.
Can only have 2n2 electrons.
Orbitals are:
3D region of space.
It obeys Heisenberg's principle.
Can only have 2 electrons.
What are the different series of emission spectra and their converging numbers?
Lyman series- N=1
Balmer series- N=2
Paschen series- N=3