Chapter 1
Any action a person takes to maintain or improve their health, such as exercising, eating well, or attending medical check-ups.
Health Behavior
This type of study examines the relationship between two or more variables to see if they are associated, but it cannot prove cause-and-effect.
Correlational studies
This term refers to a person’s subjective experience of symptoms and suffering, including how they feel physically or psychologically.
Illness
This term refers to the extent to which a person follows medical advice, including taking medications, attending appointments, or following lifestyle recommendations.
Adherence
This course focuses on health-related topics such as health behavior, illness, and stress.
Health Psychology
This term describes when a person experiences two or more disorders or illnesses at the same time, either physically or psychologically.
Comorbidity
When one variable increases as the other decreases, such as more stress being linked with less sleep.
Negative correlation
This factor can influence illness behavior because men and women may perceive and respond to symptoms differently.
Gender
This factor reflects the perceived social pressure from friends, family, or society to perform or not perform a behavior.
Subjective norms
This type of exam allows you to refer to your notes, textbooks, or other course materials while answering questions.
Open-notes exam?
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
Life Expectancy
This variable is measured to see how it changes in response to another variable.
What is the dependent variable
This component of the Common-Sense Model describes the expected duration of the illness and its treatment, whether short-term, chronic, or cyclic.
What is the timeline of the disease/illness?
These theories propose that behavior change occurs in distinct steps or phases, where people must progress through each stage to reach the desired behavior.
Stage Theories
This type of assignment, often asking you to think about your learning or experiences, is due by 12:59 pm.
Reflection
This model views illness as the result of only biological factors such as pathogens, genetics, or brain chemistry.
Biomedical Model
The phenomenon where people experience real changes in their symptoms simply because they believe they are receiving a real treatment.
Placebo Effect
This term refers to the network of family, friends, or community members people consult before seeking professional medical care.
Lay Referral Network
This model explains health behavior by focusing on a person’s perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to taking action.
Health Belief Model
This model emphasizes that health and illness are influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Biopsychosocial Model
A researcher is studying whether drinking coffee improves test performance. Some students had a full night’s sleep, while others stayed up all night. The amount of sleep could unintentionally affect test scores. This is an example of what type of variable?
Extraneous variable
People may hide or exaggerate symptoms because of shame or societal judgment. This factor can strongly influence illness behavior.
Stigma
This type of barrier occurs when patients cannot afford medications, treatment, or transportation to healthcare services.
Financial Issues