Segregation and Civil Rights
What doctrine was established by Plessy v. Ferguson?
"Separate but Equal"
Who were the founders of the National Women's Suffrage Association (NWSA)
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
What were the main goals of the Progressive Movement?
To address issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption in government.
What did Roosevelt's Square Deal aim to ensure for workers and consumers?
Fairness and equality in business practices
What was Taft's approach compared to Roosevelt's during his presidency?
Roosevelt focused more on strict enforcement or business regulations and Taft was lenient with big business.
What did the Underwood Tariff aim to accomplish?
It aimed to reduce tariffs and lower prices for consumers.
What were the three disenfranchisement tactics used to restrict voting rights?
Literacy tests, poll taxes, and Grandfather Clauses
Which amendment granted women the right to vote?
The 19th Amendment
Who wrote "The Jungle" and what legislation did it lead to?
Upton Sinclair; it led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
How did Roosevelt utilize the Sherman Antitrust Act?
He enforced it to break up monopolies and regulate Big Business.
What party did Roosevelt form in response to Taft's policies?
The Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)
What significant banking reform did the Federal Reserve Act introduce?
It created a central banking system to provide economic stability.
Who was the anti-lynching journalist that exposed racial violence?
Ida B. Wells
Who led the Temperance Movement and pushed for the ban of alcohol?
Carrie Nation
What did Jacob Riis expose in "How the Other Half Lives"?
The living conditions of the urban poor/Tenements
What were two key acts that protected public health during Roosevelts' presidency?
The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
What was Roosevelt's philosophy regarding "good trusts" and "bad trusts"
He believed that some trusts were beneficial for the economy, while others harmed competition and consumers.
How did the Clayton Antitrust Act strengthen regulations on business?
It prohibited specific anticompetitive practices and protected labor unions from being prosecuted as monopolies.
What was the significance of the Grandfather Clause?
It allowed individuals to bypass literacy tests and poll taxes if their grandfathers had been able to vote before the Civil War.
What did Margaret Sanger advocate for?
Birth control and women's reproductive rights.
What is a Muckraker?
A journalist who exposed corruption and social issues in society.
What was Roosevelt's view on trusts?
He believed in regulation them rather than eliminating all trusts (good v. bad).
How did Taft's policies differ from Roosevelt's in terms of business regulation?
Taft was less aggressive in regulating trusts and favored more legalistic approaches
What was the main purpose of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)?
Who founded the NAACP and demanded immediate equality?
W.E.B. Du Bois
What tactics did Alice Paul use in her fight for women's suffrage?
Militant/Violent
What were four major political reforms introduced during the Progressive Era?
Direct election of senators, initiative, referendum, and recall
What environmental policies did Roosevelt implement?
He established National Parks, Forests, wildlife refuges, and promoted conservation efforts.
Why did the split between Taft and Roosevelt have lasting effects on American politics?
It divided the Republican Party and led to the election of Woodrow Wilson, changing the political landscape
What three areas did Wilson target with his New Freedom Agenda?
Tariff reform, banking reform, and antitrust reform.