Clinical Medicine
A 57-year-old man with diabetes has a stocking-glove pattern of numbness and tingling.
What is diabetic polyneuropathy?
Prophylaxis for cluster headaches.
What is verapamil (calcium channel blocker)?
A patient with severe cluster headaches has acute attacks at night. Abortive therapy?
What is 100% O₂ or subcutaneous sumatriptan?
Low density on a CT shows up what color/shade?
Dark/Black
Autoimmune disorder where Abs attack acetylcholine receptor of the muscles (NMJ)
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
A 60-year-old woman has resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gait.
What is Parkinsons?
Drug of choice for essential tremor.
What is propranolol (or primidone)?
A 72-year-old with an acute ischemic stroke presents within 2 hours. What is the treatment of choice?
What is tPA?
CT head shows biconvex, lens-shaped bleed that does not cross suture lines.
What is epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)?
Neurodegenerative due to decrease dopamine in substantia nigra results in disruption of communication from basal ganglia to motor cortex.
What is Parkinson's Disease?
A 65-year-old man suddenly develops right arm weakness, facial droop, and expressive aphasia. Symptoms resolve in 20 minutes.
What is transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
A patient with ALS is prescribed a drug that prolongs survival by reducing glutamate excitotoxicity.
Riluzole.
A patient with Bell’s palsy presents within 48 hours of onset. What treatment is indicated?
What is corticosteroids (± antivirals if severe)?
CSF shows high protein, normal glucose, few WBCs.
What is Guillain Barre syndrome?
Compression of trigeminal nerve root by the superior cerebellar artery or tortuous vein.
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
A 43-year-old woman presents with facial droop that spares the forehead, right arm weakness, and expressive aphasia.
What is left MCA ischemic stroke?
A patient with myasthenia gravis improves after IV glucocorticoids. What chronic medication do you start?
What is pyridostigimine?
A 25-year-old woman with MS relapse has acute optic neuritis. What is the acute treatment?
What are high-dose IV corticosteroids?
What is this test: a small amount of radioactive tracer (similar to glucose) is injected into a vein.
What is a PET scan?
Idiopathic increased intracranial CSF on CSF examination via LP w/ no clear identifiable cause on neuroimaging.
What is pseudotumor cerebri?
A 7-year-old boy has progressive muscle weakness, calf pseudohypertrophy, and Gower sign.
What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Name all the drugs of "carrot salad"
COMT inhibitors
Selegiline (MAO-B inhibitors)
Anticholinergics
Levodopa
Amantadine
Dopamine agonists
A 35-year-old woman with MS is having frequent relapses. Which disease-modifying therapy is first-line?
What is interferon-β or glatiramer acetate?
MRI w/ gadolinium
• Hyperintense white matter plaques x3
Lumbar puncture:
• Increased IgG & IgG oligoclonal bands
Multiple Sclerosis
A patient with ALS has spasticity in the legs and atrophy of hand muscles. Which tracts are involved?
Lateral corticospinal tract (UMN) and anterior horn cells (LMN).