CONJUNCTIONS
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.
What is a noun?
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
In the sentence “She has been working here for five years,” identify the tense and aspect.
Present perfect continuous tense – combines present perfect (has been) + present participle (working) to show an action that started in the past and continues up to now.
What is the structure of the zero conditional?
If + present simple, present simple.
What is the structure of the third conditional?
If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
Identify the two clauses joined by the conjunction:
👉 She studied hard because she wanted to pass.
Clauses:
She studied hard
she wanted to pass
Which type of noun is underlined?
👉 The students are studying for their exams.
Common, plural, countable noun.
What is the difference in meaning between these two sentences?
a) I stopped smoking.
b) I stopped to smoke.
a) means the person quit the habit of smoking.
b) means the person stopped another activity in order to smoke.
Complete the sentence:
👉 If you heat water to 100°C, it ___. (boil)
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
Complete the sentence:
👉 If she ___ (study) harder, she would have passed the exam.
If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
How many coordinating conjunctions are there in English?
Seven (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
Correct the noun error:
👉 She gave me three informations about the project.
Correction: She gave me three pieces of information about the project. (Information is uncountable.)
Identify the modal verbs and explain their function:
👉 You must finish the report, but you may take a break afterward.
must = expresses obligation.
may = expresses permission/possibility.
Why do we use the zero conditional in this sentence?
👉 If you don’t water plants, they die.
Because it states a general truth about what always happens.
Choose the correct option:
👉 If he ___ (not forget) his wallet, he would have paid the bill.
a) didn’t forget
b) hadn’t forgotten
b) hadn’t forgotten.
Which coordinating conjunction shows contrast?
👉 for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
but and yet show contrast.
In the sentence “Physics is an interesting subject,” is “physics” singular or plural? Why?
“Physics” is singular here because it refers to a field of study, even though it ends with -s.
Identify the helping (auxiliary) verb:
👉 They are playing football.
are (helps form the present continuous tense).
What is the difference between the zero conditional and the first conditional?
Zero conditional = for facts and general truths (If you heat ice, it melts.).
First conditional = for real future possibilities (If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.).
Explain the difference:
a) If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.
b) If I studied more, I would pass the exam.
a) Third conditional → unreal past (didn’t happen).
b) Second conditional → unreal present/future.
Fill in the blank with the best coordinating conjunction:
👉 He was sick, ___ he still went to work.
yet → He was sick, yet he still went to work.
What is the difference between a compound noun and a collective noun? Give one example of each.
Compound noun = made of two or more words (e.g., toothpaste, mother-in-law).
Collective noun = refers to a group as one unit (e.g., team, flock).
What is the difference in meaning?
a) I have lived here for five years.
b) I lived here for five years.
a) Present perfect = the action started in the past and continues now.
b) Past simple = the action happened in the past but is finished.
Correct the mistake:
👉 If you will heat water, it boils.
Correction: If you heat water, it boils. (Zero conditional does not use “will.”)
Create a mixed conditional from this sentence:
👉 If she had taken the job, she would have moved to Paris.
If she had taken the job, she would be living in Paris now. (Past condition → present result).