The Internet’s Structure
This is the unique numerical label assigned to every device on the Internet.
What is an IP address?
Data is broken down into these smaller units before being sent across the Internet.
What are packets?
A message scrambled to prevent unauthorized access has been put into this form.
What is encryption?
This is the name for the older 32-bit IP address format.
What is IPv4?
This is the protocol that defines how webpages are transferred.
What is HTTP?
This system translates human-readable web addresses into IP addresses.
What is DNS?
This protocol ensures reliable transmission by checking that all packets arrive and are in order.
What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?
This protocol secures communications between browsers and servers, especially for online banking.
What is HTTPS (or TLS/SSL)?
This newer system allows for vastly more IP addresses using 128 bits.
What is IPv6?
This is the secure version of HTTP.
What is HTTPS?
The Internet is fault-tolerant because it is designed using this kind of network structure, where no single path is required.
What is a distributed or redundant network?
This protocol is responsible for addressing and routing packets to their destination.
What is IP (Internet Protocol)?
This type of attack floods a server with requests to make it unavailable.
What is a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack?
This term describes the Internet’s ability to handle more devices and users without breaking.
What is scalability?
This protocol is used to send emails.
What is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)?
These are the rules that govern how data is sent, received, and interpreted across the Internet.
What are protocols?
These numbers are attached to packets so they can be reassembled in the correct order.
What are sequence numbers?
This method uses public and private keys to keep communications secure.
What is asymmetric encryption?
These independent but interconnected systems make up the physical Internet.
What are networks or ISPs (Internet Service Providers)?
This type of addressing is used in URLs, such as https://www.example.com.
What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
This organization is responsible for assigning IP addresses and managing domain names worldwide.
What is ICANN?
When some packets are lost or delayed, this protocol requests retransmission to maintain reliability.
What is TCP?
This type of cybercrime tricks users into revealing sensitive information by pretending to be a trusted source.
What is phishing?
This design principle ensures that Internet communication still works even if part of the system fails.
What is fault tolerance?
This system caches frequently used data to reduce the load on DNS servers and speed up browsing.
What is DNS (Domain Name System) caching