Early American Law Enforcement
Before formal police departments, who patrolled the streets at night carrying lanterns?
Who were night watchmen?
Early policing was largely informal and relied on this group of volunteers.
Who were citizen watchmen?
Which British leader is known as the “Father of Modern Policing”?
Who was Sir Robert Peel?
Principle #6 says force should only be used as a ________.
What is a last resort?
Name the three major branches of the U.S. criminal justice system.
What are law enforcement, courts, and corrections?
This colonial officer collected taxes, supervised jails, and maintained order.
Who were Sheriffs?
Today, police are full-time, salaried government employees with what type of organizational structure?
What is a paramilitary?
Peel founded this police force in what 1829?
What is the the London Metropolitan Police?
Peel believed that police officers are simply __________, wearing uniforms?
What are citizens (or members of the public)?
What is the main role of law enforcement within the system?
What is investigating crime, gathering evidence, and arresting suspects?
What group in the South was responsible for controlling the enslaved population?
What were slave patrols?
What was one major form of institutionalized policing unique to the South?
What were slave patrols?
According to Peel, what is the primary mission of the police?
What is prevention of crime and disorder?
Which modern concept connects to Peel’s idea of voluntary cooperation?
What is community policing?
Who decides guilt or innocence in the courts?
What are juries (or judges in some cases)?
Which community group formed to defend against external threats in early settlements?
What were militias?
Name one modern technology that drastically improved coordination in policing.
What are two-way radios (or computers, vehicles, surveillance)?
Peel emphasized that police power depends on what from the public?
What is public approval and trust?
Peel’s idea that police should “stay in their lane” means they should avoid doing what?
What is acting as judge or jury?
Which branch oversees prisons, probation, and parole?
What are corrections?
Why was public punishment like stocks and whipping posts used in early America?
What is to shame offenders publicly and deter crime?
What does it mean that policing in America has always been “decentralized”?
What is local and municipal control instead of a single national police force?
What is the true measure of police efficiency, according to Peel?
What is the absence of crime and disorder?
One of Peel's principles states that “the _______ are the _______ and the ______ are the _______”?
Public/Police/Police/Public
What role does probation serve within the corrections system?
What is allowing offenders to remain in the community under supervision instead of prison?